élève French · revision 17510

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=back-formation|attested=1653, Oudin|origins=la levō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /e.lɛv/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''élève''' ''m or f'' by sense (plural élèves)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a deverbal noun [[der|fr|élever|t=to raise, bring up]], modelled on the corresponding [[it|allievo|t=pupil]], recorded from the late 15th century.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Oudin records it in 1653, in his French–Italian ''Recherches'' under ''allievo'', for a person taught an art by a master.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Furetière (1690) has ''un élève de Port-Royal'', of a person who received the teaching of a school, and the sense “pupil of a school” has become the usual one.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989) Bescherelle records in 1845 the uses for a young animal raised for breeding and a plant whose growth is directed, already found of animals in Crèvecœur (1801).^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi) In the army an ''élève officier'' is a candidate for a rank.^(Larousse)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ Many languages borrowed the word, among them [[da|elev]], [[sv|elev]], [[pl|elew]] and [[ro|elev]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1653 – A pupil of a master, in Oudin.^(TLFi)

+ * 1690 – A pupil of a school, in Furetière.^(TLFi)

+ * 1694 – The Académie records the word.^(TLFi)

+ * 1801 – Of a young animal raised by breeders.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A person taught by a master in an art or science; a [[m|en|disciple]]: ''un élève de Raphaël''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ # A [[m|en|pupil]] or [[m|en|student]] of a school: ''un mauvais élève'', ''parents d'élèves''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(military)'' A candidate for a rank: ''élève officier''.^(Larousse)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(agriculture)'' A young animal raised for breeding; a plant whose growth is directed.^(Larousse)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[élever]]

+ * [[élevage]]

+ * [[lever]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A separate feminine noun ''élève'', also a deverbal noun from ''élever'', meant “breeding, rearing” (''arbres d'élève'' 1615, ''l'élève des chevaux''), and is now dated; it was replaced by [[élevage]].^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}