rompre French · revision 17505

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=late 10th century, Passion of Clermont|origins=la rumpō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʁɔ̃pʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''rompre'''^(Wiktionary)

+ First written ''rumpre'' (about 980); ''rompre'' from the 11th century.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|rompre]], [[inh|la|rumpō|t=to break, burst]], used in Latin of physical breaking as well as of breaking off.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|10, 565b) The nasal infix of the Latin present stem is peculiar to Latin; the root, with a /p/ beside /b/, is Indo-European, seen in [[ang|rēofan|t=to break, tear]], [[got|𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽|tr=raupjan]] and [[sa|रुप्यति|tr=rúpyati]].^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|rompere]], [[es|romper]], [[pt|romper]], [[ca|rompre]], [[oc|rompre]] and [[ro|rupe]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(REW 1935) Meyer-Lübke notes that in the dialects of northern France it has been almost entirely ousted by [[casser]].^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In the Clermont ''Passion'' (late 10th century) it means to break, smash; the ''Chanson de Roland'' has it for splitting in two by force (1100).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The sense “to break” was usual until the 17th century, then gave way to [[briser]] and above all [[casser]];^(DHLF 1992) ''rompre'' now stresses a deliberate act or has a literary tone.^(DHLF 1992) Wace has it for tearing (about 1155) and for breaking an agreement, and, from about 1210 it meant to put an end to a state or situation, as in ''rompre le silence''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Intransitive “to break off relations” is in Oresme (1370).^(TLFi)

+

+ Many phrases date from the 16th and 17th centuries: Calvin's biblical ''rompre le pain'' (1541), ''rompre les oreilles'' (1549), ''rompre la glace'' (1601), ''rompre des lances'' (1612) and ''rompre en visière'' (1648).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Old ''à tout rompre'' “at the most” (1527) gave ''applaudir à tout rompre'' (1768).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) In the army ''rompre les rangs'' is from 1807, and ''rompez !'' “dismiss!” came to mean “go away”.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) ''Rompre'' someone was to break them on the wheel (1659).^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 10th century – ''Rumpre'', in the Clermont ''Passion''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1155 – “To break (an agreement)”, in Wace.^(TLFi)

+ * 1253 – ''Rompre une terre'', to plough fallow land.^(TLFi)

+ * 1370 – “To break off relations”, in Oresme.^(TLFi)

+ * 1541 – ''Rompre le pain'', in Calvin.^(TLFi)

+ * 1601 – ''Rompre la glace''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1659 – “To break on the wheel”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1768 – ''Applaudir à tout rompre''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1807 – ''Rompre les rangs''.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(literary)'' To [[m|en|break]], snap: ''rompre le pain'', ''se rompre le cou''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # To break (something flexible): ''rompre ses amarres'', ''(figurative)'' ''rompre ses chaînes''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # To [[m|en|interrupt]], put an end to: ''rompre le silence'', ''rompre un contrat''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To break off relations: ''rompre avec''.^(Larousse)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(intransitive, sport)'' To step back, give ground (fencing, boxing).^(TLFi)^(BHVF)

+ # ''Rompre les rangs'': to fall out, ''rompez !'', dismiss!^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Applaudir à tout rompre'': to applaud wildly, ''rompre la glace'', to break the ice.^(Le Robert)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[rompu]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[corrompre]]

+ * [[roture]]

+ * [[rupture]]

+ * [[interrompre]]

+ * [[route]]

+ * [[la|rumpō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}