naturellement French · revision 17497

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 1130–1140, Wace, Vie de sainte Marguerite|origins=la nātūra}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /na.ty.ʁɛl.mɑ̃/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''naturellement'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|naturalment]], [[m|fro|naturelment]], [[m|fro|naturaument]];^(GLLF 1989)^(Littré 1873) ''naturellement'' from the 14th century.^(GLLF 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|fr|naturel|-ment]].^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989) Compare [[oc|naturalment]], [[es|naturalmente]] and [[it|naturalmente]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Wace's ''Vie de sainte Marguerite'' (about 1130–1140) uses ''naturalment'' for “according to the principles of nature”, of a child born sound and whole as it should be.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ About 1160 ''Eneas'' has it for “in keeping with the particular character of a thing”, and about 1216 Robert de Clari for “imitating nature exactly”.^(TLFi) The senses “spontaneously, without effort” and “by birth” appear in the ''Mistère du Viel Testament'' (about 1480).^(TLFi) Madame de Sévigné uses it in 1681 for “as is to be expected”, the origin of its common use as a sentence adverb, “of course”;^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007) Larousse recorded it as an exclamatory reply in 1874.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ The Académie gave ''cheveux frisés naturellement'' in 1694 and ''naturellement parlant'' in 1798.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1130–1140 – ''Naturalment'', in Wace.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1160 – “In keeping with a thing's character”, in ''Eneas''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1216 – “Imitating nature”, in Robert de Clari.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1480 – “Spontaneously”, in the ''Mistère du Viel Testament''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1681 – “As is to be expected”, in Madame de Sévigné.^(TLFi)

+ * 1874 – As a reply, “of course!”.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # By nature, by the laws of nature: ''elle est naturellement blonde''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # By natural impulse or temperament: ''il était naturellement courageux''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # In a [[m|en|spontaneous]], unaffected way; easily: ''il nous tutoie très naturellement''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # By a logical sequence; inevitably.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # ''(sentence adverb, familiar)'' Of course, [[m|en|naturally|alt=naturally]]: ''naturellement, il a oublié''.^(Le Robert)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[naturel]]

+ * [[nature]]

+ * [[la|nātūrālis]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}