exiger French · revision 17489

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1373, mandate of Charles V|origins=la agō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ɛɡ.zi.ʒe/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''exiger'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|exigō|t=to drive out; to demand, exact]], from [[m|la|ex-|t=out]] and [[m|la|agō|t=to drive]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|3, 294b) The TLFi's first record is [[m|frm|exigier]] in 1373;^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992) Bloch and Wartburg give 1357.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992) [[exigence|alt=Exigence]] was borrowed from Late Latin [[m|la-lat|exigentia]] in the same century.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In a mandate of Charles V (1373) it means to collect a tax and, more widely, to demand firmly what is owed.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The sense “to demand firmly” has stayed the usual one.^(DHLF 1992) With a thing as subject the verb has meant “to make necessary” since Montchrestien (1604).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The GLLF dates the sense “to demand beyond what is fair” to Montaigne (1580).^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ The present participle gave the adjective [[exigeant]], recorded in 1762, now said mainly of a person who is hard to please.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1357 – First record according to Bloch and Wartburg.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1373 – ''Exigier'', of collecting a tax.^(TLFi)

+ * 1580 – Montaigne uses it of demanding more than is fair.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1603 – The derivative ''exigible''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1604 – With a thing as subject, “to make necessary”, in Montchrestien.^(TLFi)

+ * 1762 – ''Exigeant''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|demand]] firmly what one has, or claims to have, the right or power to obtain: ''exiger des excuses''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # To [[m|en|require]] as necessary for a role or post: ''qualités qu'on exige d'une secrétaire''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # ''(of things)'' To make necessary, to call for: ''ce métier exige de la diplomatie''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[exigible]]

+ * [[inexigible]]

+ * [[exigeant]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[exigence]]

+ * [[exact]]

+ * [[exaction]]

+ * [[agir]]

+ * [[la|exigō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}