article French · revision 17487

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1248|origins=la artus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /aʁ.tikl/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''article''' ''m'' (plural articles)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|articulus|t=joint; part, division; moment]], borrowed in 1248 with the ending adapted.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|25, 378a) The Latin word is a diminutive of [[m|la|artus|t=limbs, joints]], of the same Indo-European family as [[grc|ἄρθρον|tr=árthron|t=joint]], which it translated in grammar.^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) Rey notes that all the senses of the Latin word were kept in French, which supposes several borrowings: the legal sense in the 13th century, the grammatical one in the 13th, the time sense in the phrase for the moment of death, and the anatomical one in the 16th century.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ The inherited doublet is [[orteil]] “toe”.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first sense, in the middle of the 13th century, is a numbered part of a legal text;^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) Littré quotes a 13th-century text on a dispute ''de quatre articles'' with the merchants.^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From the parts of a legal text it was applied to the items of an account and of any writing, and to the points of an argument (early 14th century).^(DHLF 1992) ''Article de foi'', a point of belief, is from the 13th century,^(DHLF 1992) and ''à l'article de la mort'' (1450) translates Latin ''in articulo mortis'', “at the moment of death”.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) The grammatical sense, the determiner before a noun, is found in 1263.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Since 1711 it has meant a piece of writing in a newspaper or review, a sense that grew with the periodical press.^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF) From the items of an account or list came the commercial sense “item for sale” (mid-18th century, ''article de commerce'' 1771), and, from it ''faire l'article'' “to praise one's goods” (1826, Balzac).^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF) The anatomical sense “joint” (16th century, Paré) has died out, except in zoology for a segment of an insect's limb (1789).^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1248 – First record, in a legal text.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1263 – Grammatical sense.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 13th century – ''Article de la foi''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1450 – ''À l'article de la mort''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 16th century – “Joint”, in Paré.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1711 – A newspaper article, in Saint-Simon.^(BHVF)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1771 – ''Article de commerce''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1826 – ''Faire l'article'', in Balzac.^(BHVF)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A division, usually numbered, of a [[m|en|law]], [[m|en|contract]] or [[m|en|treaty]]: ''article premier''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # ''Article de foi'': an [[m|en|article of faith]], a point of [[m|en|dogma]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # A piece of writing in a newspaper, review or dictionary: ''article de presse''.^(Larousse)^(Le Robert)

+ # An item of [[m|en|merchandise]], ''faire l'article'', to praise one's goods.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(grammar)'' An [[m|en|article]]: ''article défini'', ''article indéfini''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''À l'article de la mort'': at the point of death.^(Wiktionary)^(Littré 1873)

+ # ''(zoology)'' A segment of an [[m|en|arthropod]]'s body or limbs.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[articulation]]

+ * [[articuler]]

+ * [[orteil]]

+ * [[la|articulus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}