manger French · revision 17473

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=late 10th century, Passion de Clermont (mangier)|origins=la mandō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /mɑ̃.ʒe/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Paris): [mɑ̃ː.ʒe]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''manger'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''mangier'', ''mengier'', ''manger'' from the 13th century, Old French also had ''manjuer'', from a form keeping the long ''u''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|mangier]], [[inh|la|mandūcō|t=to chew; to eat]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|6/1, 160a)^(Wiktionary) The Latin verb was formed on [[m|la|mandūcus]], the glutton of Roman comedy from Plautus onward, with huge jaws, itself from [[m|la|mandō|t=to chew]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ “Mandūcāre”, “to work one's jaws”, was a popular, expressive verb; it replaced the irregular [[m|la|edō|t=to eat]], whose short forms clashed with those of “esse” “to be”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Petronius gives it to vulgar speakers, and the Vetus Latina uses it where the Vulgate has [[m|la|comedō]]; the latter survives in [[es|comer]] and [[pt|comer]].^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ Cognate with [[ro|mânca]] and [[oc|manjar]]; [[it|mangiare]] and [[ca|menjar]] were borrowed from French.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ At the end of the 10th century the ''Passion'' of Clermont uses it for chewing and swallowing food.^(TLFi) About 1100 the ''Chanson de Roland'' has ''N'en mangeront ne lou, ne por, ne chien'' “neither wolf nor pig nor dog shall eat of them”.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the 13th century it took figurative senses: “to wear away, eat into” (about 1236), “to spend (money) on food”, and “to itch”, a sense kept only in [[démanger]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Later came ''manger ses mots'' (1531), ''manger des yeux'' (1694) and ''manger le morceau'' “to confess” (1798).^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+

+ Proverbs and phrases include ''l'appétit vient en mangeant'' (1636), ''manger pour vivre et non pas vivre pour manger'' (1643, popularised by Molière), ''manger comme quatre'' (1835) and ''manger les pissenlits par la racine'' (1867).^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF) Madame de Sévigné calls a girl ''à manger'', “delightful” (1679).^(BHVF) The infinitive used as a noun, ''le manger'', is as old as the verb.^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 10th century – ''Mangier'' in the ''Passion'' of Clermont.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * c. 1165 – ''Mangeoire''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * c. 1236 – “To eat into”, in Guillaume de Lorris.^(TLFi)

+ * 1422 – ''Mangé de vers'', moth-eaten.^(TLFi)

+ * 1531 – ''Manger ses mots''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1636 – ''L'appétit vient en mangeant''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1798 – Slang ''manger le morceau''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1867 – ''Manger les pissenlits par la racine''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|eat]]: ''manger du pain'', ''(absolute)'' to have a meal: ''manger au restaurant''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To eat into, wear away: ''mangé aux mites''.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+ # To use up, [[m|en|squander]]: ''manger son héritage''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+ # ''Manger ses mots'': to [[m|en|mumble]], ''manger des yeux'': to devour with one's eyes.^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(slang)'' ''Manger le morceau'': to confess, inform.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(familiar)'' Food: ''apporter son manger'', ''en perdre le boire et le manger''.^(Larousse)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[mangeable]]

+ * [[mangeaille]]

+ * [[mangeoire]]

+ * [[mangeur]]

+ * [[démanger]]

+ * [[mange-tout]]

+ * [[blanc-manger]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[manducation]]

+ * [[la|mandūcō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}