chaque French · revision 17468

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=back-formation|attested=c. 1176, Chrétien de Troyes, Cligès (chasque)|origins=grc κατά}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʃak/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''chaque''' (invariable)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old and Middle French ''chasque''; the vowel has no circumflex because the word was usually unstressed.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a back-formation from [[m|fro|chascun]] ([[chacun]]), made on the model of the pair [[quelque]] / [[quelqu'un]].^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)^(Larousse) “Chascun” itself comes from Old French “chaün”, from Late Latin “unum cata unum” “one by one”, with the preposition [[m|la-lat|cata]], from [[grc|κατά|tr=katá]], crossed with descendants of [[la|quisque|t=each]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary)^(REW 1935)

+

+ Littré, following Diez, saw Latin “quisque” in it.^(Littré 1873) The Grand Robert and the Petit Robert give a popular Latin “*casquunus”.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ About 1176 Chrétien de Troyes writes in ''Cligès'': ''Chasque nuit iert an dormant ivres'' “each night he will be drunk in his sleep”.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Chaque'' became usual only from the 15th–16th century, gradually replacing ''chacun'' used as an adjective.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(GLLF 1989) It can modify only a singular noun.^(GLLF 1989) Familiar usage employs it before a number (''chaque dix pas'') for ''tous les'', and as a pronoun for ''chacun'' (''trente euros chaque''), a use found in Chateaubriand and Hugo.^(GLLF 1989)^(Larousse)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1176 – ''Chasque'' in Chrétien de Troyes's ''Cligès''.^(TLFi)

+ * 15th–16th century – ''Chaque'' becomes usual, replacing adjectival ''chacun''.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1580 – ''Chasque païs'' in Montaigne.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Determiner===

+ # [[m|en|each]], [[m|en|every]]: ''chaque jour'', ''chaque chose à sa place''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Entre chaque'': between each (of a series): ''entre chaque plat''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(familiar)'' Before a number: every: ''chaque dix pas''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(familiar)'' Each, apiece: ''trente euros chaque''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[chacun]]

+ * [[quelque]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}