rue French · revision 17465

18 Oct 2026, 14:03 by bogdan “French fr10k batch b06 (10 entries)” current version
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+ {{homograph|1|street}}
+ 
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1050, Vie de saint Alexis|origins=la rūga}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA: /ʁy/^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''rue''' ''f'' (plural rues)^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ The street is [[inh|fro|rue]], [[inh|la|rūga|t=wrinkle]], which in Late and popular Latin took by metaphor the sense “path, road lined with houses”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|10, 543b)^(Wiktionary) The sense “wrinkle” survives in [[it|ruga]], [[es|arruga]] and Old Occitan “ruga”, and in [[rugueux]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) The Latin word has no clear etymology, Rey mentions [[lt|raũkas|t=wrinkle]].^(DHLF 1992)
+ 
+ Bloch and Wartburg note that the sense “street” is rare outside French; [[es|rúa]] and [[pt|rua]] were borrowed from French.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(REW 1935)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ About 1050 the ''Vie de saint Alexis'' uses it for a way lined with houses in a town; the ''Chanson de Roland'' has ''Toutes les rues ù li bourgeis estunt'' “all the streets where the burghers live”.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ ''Courir les rues'' meant “to be mad” (1549), then “to be known to everyone” (1660), and ''vieux comme les rues'' “very old” dates from 1640.^(DHLF 1992) In 1675 Madame de Sévigné used ''la rue'' for the residents of a street; it also came to mean the common people as a political force (''descendre dans la rue'').^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) ''Enfant des rues'' is in Hugo (1834).^(DHLF 1992)
+ 
+ Technical senses include a gallery left in a quarry (1701), a division of a stage (1772) and, in printing, a “river” of white space (1904).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The diminutive [[ruelle]] (about 1138) also named the space between a bed and the wall, and in the 17th century the bedrooms where ladies received visitors.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 1050 – ''Rue'' in the ''Vie de saint Alexis''.^(TLFi)
+ * c. 1138 – ''Ruelle''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)
+ * 1549 – ''Courir les rues''.^(DHLF 1992)
+ * 1640 – ''Vieux comme les rues''.^(DHLF 1992)
+ * 1675 – The residents of a street, in Madame de Sévigné.^(TLFi)
+ * 1834 – ''Enfant des rues'' in Hugo.^(DHLF 1992)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A [[m|en|street]]: ''habiter rue du Bac'', ''traverser la rue''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)
+ # The people living in a street: ''toute la rue est au courant''.^(Larousse)
+ # ''La rue'': the outdoors of a town; the common people: ''la pression de la rue'', ''être à la rue'', to be homeless.^(Larousse)^(DHLF 1992)
+ # ''(theatre)'' The space between two sets of wings.^(Larousse)^(TLFi)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[ruelle]]
+ 
+ {{homograph|2|the plant}}
+ 
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=late 11th century, Gloses de Raschi (rude)|origins=la rūta}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA: /ʁy/^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''rue''' ''f'' (plural rues)^(Wiktionary)
+ Old French ''rude'' (late 11th century), ''rue'' (12th century).^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ The plant is [[inh|fro|rude]], [[inh|la|rūta|t=rue]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|10, 597a)^(Wiktionary) Rey thinks the Latin word may come from [[grc|ῥυτή|tr=rhutḗ]], unless both were borrowed from the same substrate.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ Cognate with [[it|ruta]], [[oc|ruda]], [[es|ruda]] and [[pt|arruda]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(REW 1935)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ It is first found as ''rude'' at the end of the 11th century in Rashi's glosses.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ The word has kept its sense, a Mediterranean plant once prized for its antiseptic and stimulating leaves.^(DHLF 1992) The learned derivative ''rutacées'' (1803) names the plant family, which includes the citrus fruits.^(DHLF 1992)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * Late 11th century – ''Rude'' in Rashi's glosses.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)
+ * 12th century – The form ''rue''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)
+ * 1803 – ''Rutacées''.^(DHLF 1992)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # [[m|en|rue]]: a strong-smelling perennial herb with yellow flowers (''Ruta'').^(GLLF 1989)^(Larousse)
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[rugueux]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}