matin French · revision 17455

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 980, Passion de Clermont|origins=la Matuta}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ma.tɛ̃/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /ma.tɑ̃ᵑ/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /ma.tɑ̃/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Quebec): /ma.tẽ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''matin''' ''m'' (plural matins)^(Wiktionary)

+ ''Mattin'' in the earliest record (980).^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|mātūtīnum]], the neuter of the adjective [[m|la|mātūtīnus|t=of the morning]] used as a noun, short for “mātūtīnum tempus” “morning time”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|6/1, 536b) The adjective is derived from [[m|la|Mātūta]], an Italic goddess identified with the dawn, Rey connects her name with [[m|la|mātūrus|t=ripe]] and an old root meaning “good”, also seen in archaic [[m|la|mānis|t=good]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ From Pliny and Seneca on, “mātūtīnum” replaced [[m|la|māne|t=in the morning]], which survived in Old French [[m|fro|main]] (“Chanson de Roland”) until “matin” eliminated it, “māne” lives on in [[demain]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|mattino]], [[oc|matin]] and [[ca|matí]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found at the end of the 10th century in the ''Passion'' of Clermont, meaning the beginning of the day; the ''Chanson de Roland'' (about 1100) has ''al matin'' and the adverb, ''Li empereres est par matin levet'' “the emperor rose early”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The adverbial use “early” was once common on its own, and survives in the somewhat archaic ''se lever matin'' (1666); today the adverb mostly follows a noun (''lundi matin'').^(DHLF 1992) Old phrases such as ''par matin'' and ''du plus matin'' have gone, replaced by ''le matin'', ''de bon matin'' (about 1480) and ''de grand matin'' (1540–1549); ''à matin'' “this morning” has disappeared in France but lives on in Quebec.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+

+ In reckoning the hours the word meant the time from midnight to noon (1225), then from daybreak to noon (early 15th century).^(TLFi) It came to stand loosely for “day” in ''un beau matin'' (about 1500) and ''un de ces quatre matins'' (1797).^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) From 1568 it was used figuratively for a beginning, as in the three ages of life, and ''étoile du matin'' has named the planet Venus since 1553.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 980 – ''Mattin'' in the ''Passion'' of Clermont.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1100 – ''Al matin'' and the adverb ''matin'' in the ''Chanson de Roland''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1225 – The hours from midnight to noon, in Gautier de Coinci.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1480 – ''De bon matin''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1553 – ''Étoile du matin'' “Venus”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1568 – Figurative “beginning”, in Robert Garnier.^(TLFi)

+ * 1797 – ''Un de ces quatre matins''.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1927 – ''Le petit matin'', in Mac Orlan.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The early part of the day, around [[m|en|dawn]]: ''la rosée du matin'', ''au petit matin''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # The [[m|en|morning]], the time from daybreak to noon: ''il ne reçoit que le matin''.^(Larousse)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''De bon matin'', ''de grand matin'': very early.^(Larousse)

+ # ''(literary)'' The beginning of something: ''le matin de la vie''.^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # In the morning, after a noun: ''demain matin'', ''tous les dimanches matin''.^(Larousse)

+ # ''(literary)'' Early: ''se lever matin''.^(Larousse)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[matinal]]

+ * [[matinée]]

+ * [[matineux]]

+ * [[matines]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[demain]]

+ * [[mûr]]

+ * [[la|mātūtīnus]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Matin'' is not to be confused with ''mâtin'' “mastiff”.^(Larousse) The church office of [[matines]] (about 1080) was formed on ''matin'' after Church Latin ''mātūtīnae''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}