changer French · revision 17452

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=1160, Roman d'Eneas|origins=la-lat cambiō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʃɑ̃.ʒe/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''changer'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|changier]], Picard ''canger''.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|changier]], [[inh|la-lat|cambiō|t=to exchange, barter]], recorded from Apuleius on beside [[m|la|cambiō|alt=cambīre]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|2, 120a) The Latin verb was a trade word, probably of Gaulish origin, Bloch and Wartburg compare Middle Irish “cimb” “tribute”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(REW 1935) Littré's derivation from [[grc|κάμπτω|tr=kámptō|t=to bend]] is outdated.^(Littré 1873) “Changer” gradually ousted the older [[muer]], from [[la|mūtō]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|cambiare]], [[oc|cambiar]] and [[es|cambiar]], and [[wa|candjî]].^(Littré 1873)^(REW 1935)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found in Franco-Provençal in Albéric de Pisançon's ''Alexandre'' (first third of the 12th century), and in French in the ''Roman d'Eneas'' (1160), in the sense “to make different, alter”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ By the 1170s it was used intransitively, “to become different” (Chrétien de Troyes), and reflexively, “to be transformed” (Benoît de Sainte-Maure); ''changer en'' “to turn into” is in Montaigne (1580).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) With a noun of the same kind it meant “to replace one thing by another” (1155), soon built with ''de'': ''changer d'avis'' appears in Montaigne.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ The money-changer's sense, “to exchange coins for their equivalent” (1155), revives the trading sense of the Latin verb.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) ''Changer'' alone for changing one's linen, and ''changer un enfant'', are recorded by the Académie in 1798.^(TLFi) The imperative ''change de disque!'' “stop repeating yourself” dates from 1946.^(DHLF 1992) Among its early derivatives, ''change'' “exchange” gave the hunting sense of a second stag that the hounds follow by mistake (about 1160), whence ''prendre le change'' (1645) and ''donner le change'' (1654).^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1st third of the 12th century – Franco-Provençal ''changer'' in Albéric de Pisançon.^(TLFi)

+ * 1155 – “To replace” and “to change money”, in Wace.^(TLFi)

+ * 1160 – ''Changer'' “to alter” in the ''Roman d'Eneas''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1175 – Reflexive ''se changer'' “to be transformed”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1580 – ''Changer d'advis'' and ''changer en'' in Montaigne.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+ * 1798 – The Académie records ''changer un enfant''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1946 – ''Change de disque!''^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To give one thing in [[m|en|exchange]] for another; to change money: ''changer des euros contre des dollars''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # To [[m|en|replace]] a thing or person by another of the same kind: ''changer une roue'', ''changer un bébé''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''Changer de'': to move to, take another: ''changer de place'', ''changer d'avis''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # To make different, [[m|en|alter]]: ''changer quelque chose en''.^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To become different: ''il a beaucoup changé''.^(Larousse)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Se changer'': to change one's clothes; to turn into something else.^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[change]]

+ * [[changeable]]

+ * [[changement]]

+ * [[changeur]]

+ * [[inchangé]]

+ * [[interchangeable]]

+ * [[rechanger]]

+ * [[rechange]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[échange]]

+ * [[échanger]]

+ * [[muer]]

+ * [[cambiste]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}