part French · revision 17442

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=842, Serments de Strasbourg|origins=la pars}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /paʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''part''' ''f'' (plural parts)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|pars|t=share; part; side]], from the accusative “partem”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|7, 669a)^(Wiktionary) The Latin word meant a share given to someone out of a whole, a part of a whole and, in space, a side or direction; it also named the parts of the body (whence the euphemism [[parties]]), an actor's role (whence [[en|part]]), and in politics a party, often in the plural “partēs”, the popular party opposed to the noble “factio”.^(DHLF 1992) Rey connects it with the verb forms seen in [[m|la|pariō|t=to bring forth]] and [[m|la|parō|t=to prepare]].^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|parte]], [[oc|part]] and [[es|parte]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found in the Strasbourg Oaths (842) in the phrase ''de suo part'' “on his side, for his part”.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ At first the word was spatial, “side, direction”: ''de totas part'' “from all sides” is in the ''Passion'' of Clermont (late 10th century), and ''d'une part … d'autre part'' goes back to the same text.^(TLFi) From 1080 ''de ma part'' took its modern sense “in my name, from me”, as in ''De meie part ma muiller saluez'' “greet my wife from me” in the ''Chanson de Roland'', Old French also said ''de part Deu'' without the article.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) In the Middle Ages and until the 16th century it could mean a party or faction.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ''À part moi'' “to myself” (late 14th century) replaced an older ''par moi'', ''à part'' itself is found from the 12th century.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) The sense “share, portion” gave ''avoir part à'' (1538), ''prendre part à'' and ''faire part de'', and the compound [[plupart]] (1436).^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) In modern French ''faire la part des choses'' means to take everything into account.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 842 – ''De suo part'' in the Strasbourg Oaths.^(TLFi)

+ * Late 10th century – ''De totas part'' and ''l'altra part'' in the ''Passion'' of Clermont.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1100 – ''De meie part'' “from me” in the ''Chanson de Roland''.^(TLFi)

+ * 12th century – ''À part''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1436 – ''La plupart''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1538 – ''Avoir part à''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|share]], the portion that falls to someone: ''sa part du gâteau'', ''la part du lion''.^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # A part, a [[m|en|proportion]] of a whole: ''pour une large part''.^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Prendre part à'', ''avoir part à'': to take part in, ''faire part de'': to inform of.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''De la part de'': from, on behalf of, ''pour ma part'': as for me.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''À part'': separately, aside; except for: ''mettre à part'', ''à part lui''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ # ''Quelque part'', ''nulle part'', ''de part et d'autre'': somewhere, nowhere, on both sides.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[partage]]

+ * [[partager]]

+ * [[partir]]

+ * [[plupart]]

+ * [[partie]]

+ * [[parti]]

+ * [[quote-part]]

+ * [[la|pars]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A separate, rare masculine noun ''part'' “childbirth; newborn child” comes from Latin ''partus''; it was recorded in 1170, and survives only in legal phrases such as ''substitution de part'' and ''supposition de part''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}