poser French · revision 17441

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=late 10th century, Passion de Clermont|origins=grc παύω}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /po.ze/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''poser'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Earliest ''pausar'' (about 980), then [[m|fro|poser]] (about 1050).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|poser]], [[inh|la-vul|pausō|t=to cease, stop]], derived from [[m|la|pausa|t=pause]] (see [[pause]]), from Greek: [[der|grc|παύω|tr=paúō|t=I stop, cease]], of obscure origin.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary) In Christian inscriptions “pausāre” meant “to rest” of the dead (“hic pausat in pace”), whence [[m|la-vul|repausō]] (see [[reposer]]).^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873) Because its participle “pausātus” was close in form and sense to “positus”, the participle of [[la|pōnō|t=to place, put]] (see [[pondre]]), “pausāre” took over most of the senses of “pōnere” in spoken Late Latin and Gallo-Romance, and its compounds too: [[apposer]], [[composer]], [[déposer]], [[exposer]], [[imposer]], [[opposer]], [[proposer]], [[supposer]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|posare]], [[oc|pausar]] and [[es|posar]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found at the end of the 10th century in the ''Passion'' of Clermont as ''pausar'', “to lay down, bury”; the ''Vie de saint Alexis'' (about 1050) has ''poser'' in the same sense.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The senses “to bury” and, intransitively, “to rest (of the dead)” (1100) gave way to [[déposer]] and [[reposer]].^(DHLF 1992) In the 12th century ''poser'' inherited the main transitive senses of ''pōnere'': “to fix, establish” (1155), “to set someone in office” (about 1150) and “to put in place” (1188).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) ''Posons que'' “let us suppose” is in Jean de Meun (1269–1278), and ''cela posé'' in Pascal.^(TLFi)

+

+ ''Poser la première pierre'' is recorded in 1680 and ''poser des sentinelles'' in 1579.^(TLFi) In painting it meant giving a model the right attitude (Molière, 1669), whence ''poser'' “to sit for an artist” and, figuratively, “to strike an attitude, show off”, the source of ''pose'' (1694) and ''poseur'' (1676).^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) ''Poser une question'' dates from 1789 (Mirabeau), after ''poser l'état d'une question'' (1718), and ''poser sa candidature'' from 1862.^(TLFi) In Belgium ''poser un acte'' means “to perform an act” (1879).^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 10th century – ''Pausar'' “to bury” in the ''Passion'' of Clermont.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1050 – ''Poser'' in the ''Vie de saint Alexis''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1155 – “To fix, establish”, in Wace.^(TLFi)

+ * 1188 – “To put in place”, in Aimon de Varennes.^(TLFi)

+ * 1269–1278 – ''Posons que'' in Jean de Meun.^(TLFi)

+ * 1669 – The painter's sense, in Molière.^(TLFi)

+ * 1789 – ''Poser une question''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1862 – ''Poser sa candidature'' in Sainte-Beuve.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To put down, lay or [[m|en|place]] something somewhere: ''poser un livre sur la table''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|install]], fit, put in place: ''poser des rideaux'', ''poser la première pierre''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To put a question; to set out, establish: ''poser une question'', ''poser un principe'', ''posons que…''.^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # To land an aircraft.^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To [[m|en|pose]] for a painter or photographer; to show off.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ # ''Se poser'': to land, settle, ''se poser en'': to set oneself up as.^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[pose]]

+ * [[poseur]]

+ * [[apposer]]

+ * [[déposer]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[composer]]

+ * [[imposer]]

+ * [[juxtaposer]]

+ * [[opposer]]

+ * [[reposer]]

+ * [[superposer]]

+ * [[supposer]]

+ * [[demander]]

+ * [[pause]]

+ * [[pondre]]

+ * [[position]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}