garder French · revision 17432

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=late 10th century, Passion de Clermont|origins=frk *wardōn}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ɡaʁ.de/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''garder'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|guarder]], Picard and Walloon ''warder''.^(Wiktionary)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|guarder]], from Germanic [[bor|frk|*wardōn|t=to look towards; to watch over]], reconstructed from [[goh|wartēn|t=to watch; to beware]], Middle High German “warten” “to look at; to take care of” and Middle Dutch “waerden” “to watch over”; compare [[de|warten]] and [[en|ward]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|17, 510a)^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary gives the Early Medieval Latin form [[m|la-med|wardō]].^(Wiktionary) The Germanic base “*war-” “to be attentive” is connected by Rey and the Petit Robert with an Indo-European root also seen in [[grc|ὁράω|tr=horáō|t=to see]] and [[la|vereor|t=to fear, respect]]; [[garer]], [[garnir]] and [[guérir]] belong to the same Germanic family.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|guardare]], [[oc|gardar]], [[es|guardar]] and [[pt|guardar]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found at the end of the 10th century in the ''Passion'' of Clermont in the sense “to look at”, a sense that French, unlike the other Romance languages, has lost.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ “To look at” was taken over by ''esgarder'' (see [[égard]]) and then by [[regarder]].^(DHLF 1992) In the ''Vie de saint Léger'' (second half of the 10th century) ''se garder'' meant “to be on one's guard” towards God, ''garder'' “to take care of” a person is in the ''Vie de saint Alexis'' (about 1050), and of animals in Wace (about 1145).^(TLFi) It meant guarding a prisoner in the ''Chanson de Roland'' (about 1100), whence ''garder à vue'' (1690), and guarding a place against entry (about 1130).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ The sense “to put aside, keep in reserve” is found about 1135, “to keep (a vow, one's faith)” about 1145, and “to keep (perishable goods) in good condition” in 1334.^(TLFi) ''Garder la chambre'' and ''garder le lit'' are in Jean de Meun (1269–1278), and ''se garder de'' “to beware of” in Benoît de Sainte-Maure (about 1165).^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 10th century – ''Garder'' “to look at”, in the ''Passion'' of Clermont.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1050 – “To take care of”, in the ''Vie de saint Alexis''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1100 – Guarding a prisoner, in the ''Chanson de Roland''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1135 – “To put aside, keep”.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1165 – ''Se garder de'' “to beware of”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1255 – ''Gardien''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1269–1278 – ''Garder la chambre'' in Jean de Meun.^(TLFi)

+ * 1334 – “To keep (food) from spoiling”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1690 – ''Garder à vue''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To look after, take care of: ''garder des enfants'', ''garder un troupeau''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # To [[m|en|guard]], watch over a person or place; to keep a prisoner: ''garder à vue''.^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # To [[m|en|keep]], hold on to; to put aside, save: ''garder une place'', ''garder le silence''.^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # To keep in good condition, preserve: ''garder des fruits''.^(TLFi)

+ # To stay in: ''garder la chambre'', ''garder le lit''.^(TLFi)

+ # ''Se garder de'': to beware of, take care not to.^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[arrière-garde]]

+ * [[avant-garde]]

+ * [[garderie]]

+ * [[gardien]]

+ * [[égard]]

+ * [[regarder]]

+ * [[sauvegarde]]

+ * [[garde]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[garer]]

+ * [[garnir]]

+ * [[guérir]]

+ * [[en|ward]]

+ * [[en|guard]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}