paraître French · revision 17426

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=late 10th century, Passion de Clermont|origins=la pāreō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /pa.ʁɛtʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''paraître'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''pareistre'', then ''paroistre'' until the 17th century.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|pareistre]], [[inh|la-lat|pārēscō|t=to appear]], a rare Late Latin word (5th–8th centuries), the inchoative of [[m|la|pāreō|t=to appear; to obey]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|7, 645b)^(Wiktionary) In classical Latin “pārēre” was little used except in the impersonal “pāret” “it is clear” and in the sense “to obey”, “to appear” belonged to spoken Latin, and the Romance languages kept that sense while leaving obedience to the descendants of “oboedīre” (see [[obéir]]).^(DHLF 1992) The origin of the Latin verb is unknown.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ In the 16th century “paraître” drove out Old French [[m|fro|paroir]], the direct outcome of “pārēre”, which survives in legal “il appert”.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ Cognate with [[oc|pareisser]], [[ca|parèixer]], [[es|parecer]] and [[pt|parecer]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found at the end of the 10th century in the ''Passion'' of Clermont, of the risen Christ: ''al terz di vius pareistra'' “on the third day he will appear alive”.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ “To become visible, come into view” is in Benoît de Sainte-Maure (about 1165).^(TLFi) Of a person ''paraître'' meant “to show oneself” (Corneille, 1636), “to stand out, shine” (Brantôme, 1583–1590) and, absolutely, “to show off” (d'Aubigné, 1617), whence the noun ''le paraître'' “appearances”.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary) ''Paraître'' before a court (Molière, 1666) is now [[comparaître]].^(TLFi)

+

+ Of books and newspapers it means “to be published” (1677), whence ''faire paraître''.^(Petit Robert 2007) With an attribute it means “to seem” (late 12th century), and impersonally ''il paraît que'' “it seems, they say” (1636).^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 10th century – ''Pareistra'' in the ''Passion'' of Clermont.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1165 – “To come into view”, in Benoît de Sainte-Maure.^(TLFi)

+ * 1583–1590 – ''Se paroistre'' and “to stand out”, in Brantôme.^(TLFi)

+ * 16th century – ''Paraître'' replaces ''paroir''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1636 – ''Paraissez, Navarrais'' in Corneille's ''Cid''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1666 – “To appear in court”, in Molière.^(TLFi)

+ * 1677 – Of a book, “to be published”.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|appear]], come into view; to show oneself: ''le jour paraît''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # To be [[m|en|published]]: ''ce livre vient de paraître''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # To [[m|en|seem]], look: ''il paraît satisfait''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''Il paraît que'': it seems that, people say that.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # To show off, make a display: ''aimer paraître''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''Le paraître'': appearances, outward show.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[parution]]

+ * [[reparaître]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[apparaître]]

+ * [[disparaître]]

+ * [[comparaître]]

+ * [[apparent]]

+ * [[en|appear]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}