regard French · revision 17402

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=back-formation|attested=late 10th century, Passion de Clermont (regart)}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʁə.ɡaʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''regard''' ''m'' (plural regards)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|regart]] (about 980), also ''reguard'', ''regard'' from about 1280.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a noun formed from the verb [[regarder]].^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(FEW|17, 511a) That verb is [[af|fr|re-|garder]], and “garder” goes back to [[frk|*wardōn|t=to watch, guard]].^(Wiktionary)^(AND)

+

+ Compare [[oc|regart]] and [[it|riguardo]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found at the end of the 10th century in the ''Passion'' of Clermont, meaning the act or manner of looking at something, and the expression of the eyes.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the first half of the 12th century it meant “attention, consideration” (Oxford Psalter), and later inspection or supervision (1262, ''regars de vins''), whence administrative control (1464) and the legal ''droit de regard'' (1932).^(TLFi) Littré thought this sense of attention the original one, from ''garder''.^(Littré 1873) Prepositional phrases grew from it: ''a regard de'' (1300), ''au regard de'' “with respect to” (1377), ''en regard de'' “in comparison with”, and ''en regard'' “opposite” (1811).^(TLFi)

+

+ A concrete sense, an opening for inspecting a conduit or fountain, is recorded in Palissy (1580); it gave the modern ''regard'' “manhole” (1893).^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989) Anglo-Norman ''regard'' also meant a reward or payment, which passed into English as both ''regard'' and ''reward''.^(AND)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 980 – ''Regart'' in the ''Passion'' of Clermont.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * c. 1120 – “Attention, consideration”, in the Oxford Psalter.^(TLFi)

+ * 1262 – “Inspection”, in Paris documents.^(TLFi)

+ * 1377 – ''Au regard de''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1580 – An inspection opening, in Palissy.^(TLFi)

+ * 1811 – ''En regard'' “opposite”, in Chateaubriand.^(TLFi)

+ * 1893 – A manhole of a sewer.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1932 – ''Droit de regard''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|look]], a [[m|en|glance]]; the act of looking: ''suivre du regard''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # The expression of the eyes, a person's [[m|en|gaze]]: ''un regard doux''.^(Larousse)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # Attention, notice: ''attirer les regards''.^(Larousse)^(Littré 1873)

+ # ''Droit de regard'': a right of [[m|en|supervision]].^(TLFi)

+ # ''Au regard de'': with regard to, ''en regard de'': compared with, ''en regard'': opposite.^(TLFi)

+ # A [[m|en|manhole]] or inspection shaft over a sewer or pipe; its cover.^(Larousse)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[regarder]]

+ * [[garder]]

+ * [[égard]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}