rouge French · revision 17400

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1130 (roge)|origins=la rubeus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʁuʒ/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /ˈʁuʒə/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Louisiana): /ruʒ/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Louisiana): [ɾuʒ]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''rouge''' (plural rouges)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|roge]] (about 1130), ''rouge'' before 1191.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(DHLF 1992)

+ Anglo-Norman ''roge'', ''rouge'', ''rouje''.^(AND)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|roge]], [[inh|la|rubeus|t=reddish, ruddy]], derived from [[m|la|rubeō|t=to be red]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|10, 532a) “Rubeus” displaced the old word [[m|la|ruber|t=red]] in the Romance languages.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) The Latin family goes back to an Indo-European root also behind [[grc|ἐρυθρός|tr=eruthrós|t=red]], [[en|red]] and [[de|rot]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873) Littré compares the sound change with “rage” from “rabies”.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ Cognate with [[oc|rog]], [[ca|roig]], [[es|rubio|t=blond]], [[pt|ruivo]] and [[ro|roib]]; the word kept different shades of red in each language.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found about 1130, in a paraphrase of the Song of Songs, meaning the colour of blood or of certain flowers.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Rouge vin'' is recorded in 1228 and ''vin rouge'' in 1538, ''du rouge'' “red wine” dates from 1754.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992) The colour marked rank or status: ''rouge chapel'' (about 1450), later ''chapeau rouge'', the cardinal's hat.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) In the 18th and 19th centuries it marked things meant to catch the eye: signal flags (1731), the Red Cross (1870), the rear lamps of a train (1879), whence ''lanterne rouge'' “last one” (1924), and red stop lights (1890).^(TLFi)

+

+ The red flag of martial law (1789) became the flag of revolution, and ''bonnet rouge'' named the revolutionaries in 1792; a ''rouge'' was a republican or revolutionary by 1835.^(TLFi)^(BHVF) The noun ''rouge'' also named red make-up, borrowed by English in 1753.^(Etymonline)^(Larousse)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1130 – ''Roge'' in a paraphrase of the Song of Songs.^(TLFi)

+ * 1228 – ''Rouge vin'' in Jean Renart.^(TLFi)

+ * 1538 – ''Vin rouge'', in Robert Estienne.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1640 – ''Rougeaud''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1789 – The ''drapeau rouge'' of martial law.^(TLFi)

+ * 1835 – ''Un rouge'', a revolutionary, in Balzac.^(BHVF)

+ * 1890 – ''Feux rouges'' in Zola.^(TLFi)

+ * 1924 – ''Lanterne rouge'' “last place”.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|red]]: ''une rose rouge'', ''vin rouge''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # [[m|en|red-hot]], heated to [[m|en|incandescence]].^(Larousse)

+ # Flushed in the face: ''rouge de colère''.^(Larousse)

+ # Of hair or fur, [[m|en|ginger]], red.^(Larousse)

+ # ''(politics)'' Left-wing, revolutionary, communist.^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # The colour red.^(Larousse)

+ # A red pigment or [[m|en|cosmetic]]: ''rouge à lèvres'' “lipstick”, ''rouge à joues''.^(Larousse)

+ # The red of a traffic light or signal: ''le feu est au rouge''.^(Larousse)

+ # ''(familiar)'' Red wine: ''un verre de rouge''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # A revolutionary or communist.^(BHVF)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[rougeâtre]]

+ * [[rougeaud]]

+ * [[rougeoyer]]

+ * [[rouget]]

+ * [[rougeur]]

+ * [[rougir]]

+ * [[rouge-gorge]]

+ * [[rouge-queue]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[roux]]

+ * [[rubis]]

+ * [[rubrique]]

+ * [[infrarouge]]

+ * [[la|rubeus]]

+ * [[en|rouge]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}