ailleurs French · revision 17399

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1050, Vie de saint Alexis (ailurs)|origins=la alius}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /a.jœʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Louisiana): /aljɔr/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Louisiana): /aljœr/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ailleurs'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|ailurs]] (about 1050), ''aillor(s)'' (12th century), ''allors'' (about 1200).^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+ Anglo-Norman spellings include ''aillurs'', ''aillours'' and ''ailleur''.^(AND)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|ailurs]], probably [[inh|la-vul|*aliōre]], with the adverbial “-s” added to an earlier “ailleur”.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(DHLF 1992) “*Aliōre” would be a comparative of [[la|alius|t=other]], taken from a phrase “*in aliore loco” “in another place” made on the model of “in superiore”, “interiore”, “exteriore loco”.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(GLLF 1989)^(REW 1935)^(Grand Robert 2005) The attested Latin adverb [[m|la|aliōrsum|t=towards another place]] is the etymon in the FEW and was Diez's and Littré's explanation, but Bloch and Wartburg and Rey point out that it would not have given the vowel “eu”.^(Littré 1873)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)^(FEW|24, 321a) Old Occitan had both [[m|pro|alhor]] and “alhors”.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ Compare [[oc|alhors]], [[pt|alhures]] and [[ro|aiurea]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found as ''ailurs'' about 1050 in the ''Vie de saint Alexis'', meaning “in another place”.^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From the beginning of the 13th century it was used figuratively for “otherwise”.^(DHLF 1992) ''D'ailleurs'' meant “from another place” (1174), and, from the middle of the 17th century “besides, moreover”, ''par ailleurs'' was “by another way” (1160), then “in another respect”.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) In classical French it could refer to persons: ''aimer ailleurs'' “to love someone else”.^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ''Et puis d'ailleurs'' is common in popular speech from the 1790s.^(BHVF) In modern French ''être ailleurs'' means to be absent-minded, and the noun ''un ailleurs'' names a distant, different place, as in ''venus d'ailleurs'', said of extraterrestrials.^(DHLF 1992)^(Larousse)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1050 – ''Ailurs'' in the ''Vie de saint Alexis''.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1160 – ''Par ailleurs'' “by another way”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1174 – ''D'ailleurs'' “from elsewhere”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * Mid-17th century – ''D'ailleurs'' “moreover”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1792 – ''Et puis d'ailleurs'' in the ''Père Duchesne''.^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|elsewhere]], somewhere else: ''allons ailleurs'', ''nulle part ailleurs''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # From another source or cause: ''le mal vient d'ailleurs''.^(Larousse)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''Être ailleurs'': to be [[m|en|absent-minded]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''D'ailleurs'': besides, moreover, ''par ailleurs'': in other respects, otherwise.^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''Aller voir ailleurs'': to be unfaithful ''(euphemism)''.^(Larousse)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(literary)'' A distant or different place: ''la quête d'un ailleurs''.^(Larousse)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[autre]]

+ * [[la|alius]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}