envie French · revision 17398

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 980, Passion de Clermont (enveie)|origins=la invideō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ɑ̃.vi/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''envie''' ''f'' (plural envies)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|enveie]] (about 980), ''enveia'' (10th century), ''envie'' from about 1130–1155.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|enveie]], an adaptation of [[la|invidia|t=ill will, jealousy, envy]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|4, 799a) The vowel /ei/ was changed to /i/ after the verb [[envier]].^(Wiktionary) “Invidia” comes from [[m|la|invidus|t=envious]], from [[m|la|invideō|t=to look at with ill will, to envy]], a compound of [[m|la|in-]] and [[m|la|videō|t=to see]]; the verb alludes to the evil eye.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) Bloch and Wartburg call the French word a Frenchified form of the Latin, and note that [[pro|enveja]] looks more popular.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ Compare [[ca|enveja]], [[es|envidia]], [[pt|inveja]] and [[it|invidia]].^(Littré 1873)^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found about 980, in the ''Passion'' of Clermont, as ''enveie'', meaning “hostility, hatred”, a sense it has not kept.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In 1155 Wace used it in both of its present senses: resentful jealousy of another's good fortune, and “desire for something”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The proverb ''il vaut mieux faire envie que pitié'' and ''faire envie'' “to arouse desire” (1625) come from these.^(DHLF 1992) At the end of the 15th century it was applied to bodily needs (''envye de boire'', Commynes), whence ''avoir envie'' “to need to urinate”.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ''Envie de femme grosse'' (1606) was a pregnant woman's sudden craving; it was believed to leave a mark on the child, whence ''envie'' “birthmark” (1611).^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) A hangnail has been called ''envie'' since 1640 (Oudin).^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 980 – ''Enveie'' “hatred”, in the ''Passion'' of Clermont.^(TLFi)

+ * 1155 – “Jealousy” and “desire”, in Wace's ''Brut''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1165 – The verb ''envier''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * Late 15th century – A bodily need, in Commynes.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1606 – ''Envie de femme grosse''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1611 – “Birthmark”, in Cotgrave.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1640 – “Hangnail”, in Oudin.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|envy]], resentful [[m|en|jealousy]] of another's advantages.^(Larousse)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # A wish to have what another has: ''porter envie à quelqu'un'', ''faire envie''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # A [[m|en|desire]], wish: ''avoir envie de partir''.^(Larousse)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A sudden bodily need or [[m|en|craving]]: ''une envie de vomir''.^(Larousse)

+ # A [[m|en|birthmark]].^(Larousse)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|hangnail]].^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[envier]]

+ * [[envieux]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[enviable]]

+ * [[voir]]

+ * [[la|invidia]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}