ordre French · revision 17391

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1100, Chanson de Roland|origins=la ōrdō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ɔʁdʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ordre''' ''m'' (plural ordres)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French also [[m|fro|ordene]] (12th–13th centuries).^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ The word was often feminine until the 17th century, because it begins with a vowel.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|ōrdō|t=row, rank; order, arrangement; class of citizens]], taken from its oblique forms (accusative “ōrdinem”).^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|7, 405a)^(Wiktionary) The Latin word first named the order of threads in the warp, and is probably related to [[m|la|ōrdior|t=to begin a web, lay the warp]] (see [[ourdir]]) and [[m|la|ōrnō|t=to arrange, adorn]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) The inherited form is [[orne]], now a regional farming term for a furrow or row.^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(REW 1935)

+

+ Compare [[it|ordine]], [[oc|ordre]], [[es|orden]] and [[pt|ordem]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found in the ''Chanson de Roland'' (about 1100) in the Christian sense of holy orders, the degrees conferred by the sacrament of ordination.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ By about 1135 it named a religious community living under a rule, and in 1155 (Wace) a class of a hierarchical society, ''les trois ordres'', clergy, nobility and third estate, were so called from about 1355.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) It was used of the military orders of the Crusades (1174), the nine choirs of angels (early 13th century), orders of chivalry (1360) and their insignia (late 14th century).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ The abstract sense of succession or arrangement is in Philippe de Thaon (1119), ''ordre chronologique'' from 1734, Wace used it of a good arrangement about 1155.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989) After military Latin, ''ordre'' meant a command from 1225, with ''avoir ordre de'' (1679) and ''sous les ordres de'' (18th century), the sense that gave [[contre-ordre]] (1680).^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) ''Ordre public'' dates from 1725 and ''maintien de l'ordre'' from 1776, ''ordre du jour'' (1771) and ''rappeler à l'ordre'' (1789) are anglicisms.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(TLFi) Later uses include architecture (1556), a professional body such as the bar (before 1594), and biological classification (1779, Buffon).^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1100 – Holy orders, in the ''Chanson de Roland''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1119 – “Sequence”, in Philippe de Thaon.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1135 – A religious order.^(TLFi)

+ * 1225 – “Command”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1355 – The three orders of society.^(TLFi)

+ * 1360 – An order of chivalry.^(TLFi)

+ * 1556 – The orders of architecture, in Philibert de l'Orme.^(TLFi)

+ * 1680 – ''Contre-ordre''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1771 – ''Ordre du jour'', after English.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1779 – An order in biology, in Buffon.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|order]], arrangement, sequence: ''par ordre alphabétique''.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Tidiness: ''mettre de l'ordre'', ''en ordre''.^(Wiktionary)^(Littré 1873)

+ # Public order, peace: ''l'ordre public'', ''les forces de l'ordre''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|command]], instruction: ''donner un ordre'', ''jusqu'à nouvel ordre''.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(finance)'' An order to buy or sell, ''à l'ordre de'': payable to.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Kind, category: ''de premier ordre'', ''du même ordre'', ''de l'ordre de'': about, in the region of.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A religious or [[m|en|chivalric]] order; an honour or decoration.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A professional body: ''l'ordre des médecins''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(history)'' Each of the three estates of the Ancien Régime.^(TLFi)

+ # ''(architecture)'' A classical order, ''(biology)'' an order in classification.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Les ordres'': holy orders: ''entrer dans les ordres''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[désordre]]

+ * [[contre-ordre]]

+ * [[sous-ordre]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[orne]]

+ * [[ordonner]]

+ * [[ordinaire]]

+ * [[ordination]]

+ * [[ourdir]]

+ * [[orner]]

+ * [[la|ōrdō]]

+ * [[en|order]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}