verre French · revision 17363

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=1160–1174, Wace, Roman de Rou|origins=la vitrum}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /vɛʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''verre''' ''m'' (plural verres)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|voirre]] (about 1174), also ''voarre'' and ''vouerre'' until the 16th century, ''verre'' from 1160–1174.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ In the 16th century Bèze recommended ''voirre'' and blamed the Parisian ''voarre''.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|voirre]], [[inh|la|vitrum|t=glass; woad]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|14, 565b)^(Wiktionary) The regular outcome in central French was “voir(r)e”, “verre” was remade after its derivatives, or arose from the hesitation between /e/ and /we/ in Paris at that time, as in “craie” beside “croire”.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary) Latin “vitrum” also named the dye plant woad, from the greenish colour of ancient glass; it is not recorded before the end of the Republic.^(DHLF 1992) The learned [[vitre]] is a doublet.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|vetro]], [[oc|veire]], [[ca|vidre]] and [[es|vidrio]], the last from a popular “*vitrium”.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found in Wace's ''Roman de Rou'' (1160–1174), in ''vaissel de verre'' “a glass vessel”, meaning the transparent substance, Chrétien de Troyes has ''veoir par mi le voirre'' “to see through the glass”.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ By metonymy it named a stained-glass window (second quarter of the 13th century), a drinking vessel (1306, Joinville's ''vouerre'') and, from 1636, a glassful: ''boire dix verres de vin''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Lenses followed: ''voire perspective'' “spyglass” (1599) and ''verre de lunette'' (1690); in the plural ''verres'' are spectacles.^(TLFi) From the early 14th century it also named vitreous minerals, as ''voirre de plomb'' (1309).^(DHLF 1992) ''Prendre un verre'' “to have a drink” and ''un petit verre'' “a dram” are modern familiar uses.^(BHVF) Derivatives include [[verrière]] (about 1165), [[verrier]] (1230), [[verrerie]] (13th century) and [[verroterie]] (1657).^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1160–1174 – ''Vaissel de verre'', in Wace.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1165 – ''Verrière''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1230 – ''Verrier''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 2nd quarter of the 13th century – A stained-glass window.^(TLFi)

+ * 1306 – A drinking glass, in Joinville.^(TLFi)

+ * 1599 – ''Voire perspective'' “spyglass”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1636 – A glassful.^(TLFi)

+ * 1657 – ''Verroterie''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|glass]], the material: ''une bouteille en verre''; a symbol of fragility.^(Wiktionary)

+ # A drinking ''glass''; its contents: ''un verre d'eau'', ''prendre un verre'': to have a drink.^(Wiktionary)^(BHVF)

+ # A lens: ''verres de contact'', ''(plural)'' spectacles.^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # A pane or sheet of glass: ''sous verre''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[sous-verre]]

+ * [[verrerie]]

+ * [[verrier]]

+ * [[verrière]]

+ * [[verroterie]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vitre]]

+ * [[vitrail]]

+ * [[vitreux]]

+ * [[la|vitrum]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}