cinq French · revision 17355

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1100, Chanson de Roland (cinc)|origins=ine-pro *pénkʷe}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Belgium, France): /sɛ̃k/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /sɛ̃ᵑk/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /sẽᵑk/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Canada): /sẽk/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cinq''' (invariable)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|cinc]], Picard has [[m|pcd|chinq]] and [[m|pcd|chonq]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|cinc]], [[inh|la-vul|cīnque]], a form found in inscriptions, in which the first /kw/ of classical [[la|quīnque|t=five]] was changed by dissimilation.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|2, 1480a) The Latin word goes back to [[ine-pro|*pénkʷe]], through [[itc-pro|*kʷenkʷe]];^(Wiktionary) Rey notes that in Italic and Celtic the initial /p/ was assimilated to the inner /kʷ/, as in [[sga|cóic]], while [[grc|πέντε|tr=pénte]] and [[sa|पञ्च|tr=páñca]] keep it.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|cinque]], [[ro|cinci]], [[oc|cinc]], [[ca|cinc]], [[es|cinco]] and [[pt|cinco]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ As ''cinc'' it is found about 1100 in the ''Chanson de Roland'', as the cardinal number: ''Mieux en vaut l'orl que ne font cinc cenz livres'' (“its hem is worth more than five hundred pounds”).^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The numeral became a noun for the figure 5 (1690, Furetière) and for the number, and the Académie recorded it in 1694 for a card, die or domino marked with five pips.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) It has been used as an ordinal (''Charles cinq'', ''le cinq juin'') since 1835.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ''Cinq à sept'' (1833) named a meeting between five and seven in the evening, often a romantic one.^(DHLF 1992) ''En cinq sec'' first meant winning a card game in five straight points, then “very quickly”: Rey dates the game sense to 1875 and the general one to 1888, while the TLFi dates “quickly” to 1875 in Labiche.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) The derived ordinal [[cinquième]] took the place of Old French ''quint'', which survives only in ''Charles Quint''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1100 – ''Cinc'' in the ''Chanson de Roland''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1165–1170 – The ordinal ''cinquième'' is formed from it.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1690 – Furetière uses it as a noun for the figure.^(TLFi)

+ * 1694 – The Académie records it for the number and for a card or die marked with five.^(TLFi)

+ * 1833 – ''Cinq à sept'', an evening meeting.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1835 – The Académie records its use as an ordinal.^(TLFi)

+ * 1875 – ''En cinq sec'' in Labiche.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Numeral===

+ # [[m|en|five]]: ''les cinq doigts de la main''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # Fifth, in dates, page numbers and the names of rulers: ''page cinq'', ''Charles V''.^(Larousse)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # The number or [[m|en|figure]] five; the fifth day of a month, a house number five.^(Larousse)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # A [[m|en|playing card]] or [[m|en|domino]] marked with five pips.^(Larousse)

+ # ''(familiar)'' ''En cinq sec'': very quickly.^(Larousse)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''Cinq sur cinq'': (of a radio or telephone message) heard perfectly.^(Larousse)

+ # ''(euphemism)'' ''Le mot de cinq lettres'', ''les cinq lettres'': ''merde''.^(Larousse)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[cinquième]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cinquante]]

+ * [[quinze]]

+ * [[quinte]]

+ * [[la|quīnque]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Before a plural noun beginning with a consonant the final /k/ is usually dropped (''cinq cents'' [sɛ̃sɑ̃]); it is pronounced elsewhere (''le cinq janvier'', ''cinq abeilles'') and, in familiar speech, often before consonants too.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}