bruit French · revision 17351

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=c. 1138, Gaimar|origins=la-vul *brūgō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /bʁɥi/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''bruit''' ''m'' (plural bruits)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a noun formed from the verb [[bruire|t=to make a noise, roar]], on the model of [[la-vul|*brūgitum]], the neuter past participle of [[m|la-vul|*brūgō]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007) The GLLF instead derives it from [[la|rugītus|t=roaring]] influenced by “bruire”, and the FEW files it under “rūgītus”.^(GLLF 1989)^(FEW|10, 550b) Wiktionary compares [[es|ruido]] and [[pt|ruído]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ “Bruire” comes from a Vulgar Latin verb seen in “brugit” (7th century), said of a stag's belling; it is a cross between [[m|la|rugiō|t=to roar]] and [[m|la-vul|*bragō]], the source of [[braire]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Gaimar uses it about 1138 in the sense “renown, fame”; the sense “sound of voices without distinct words” follows in 1155, and “sound, din” in general by 1165–1170.^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) An early example from ''Roncevaux'': ''Grans fu li bruiz de la gent paganie'' (“great was the din of the pagan host”).^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The old sense of renown led to “stir, sensation”, especially in ''faire du bruit'' (before 1648) and, in classical French, ''faire grand bruit de quelque chose'' (1669).^(DHLF 1992) After the use of ''bruire'' as a verb of speech, ''bruit'' also came to mean a piece of news going round, a rumour (late 14th century), a sense the noun kept after the verb lost it.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) ''À petit bruit'' “quietly, discreetly” is in the ''Satyre Ménippée'' (1594).^(BHVF)

+

+ The acoustic distinction between ''bruit'' and ''son'', irregular vibrations as against musical sound, is made in the 17th century (1690), and in the 20th century the word was applied to anything that interferes with a signal.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) English borrowed it as ''bruit'' “rumour, report” in the mid-15th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1138 – “Renown”, in Gaimar.^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1155 – A sound of voices.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1165–1170 – Any sound, din.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * late 14th century – “Rumour, news going round”.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+ * mid-15th century – English ''bruit'' “rumour”.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1594 – ''À petit bruit'' in the ''Satyre Ménippée''.^(BHVF)

+ * before 1648 – ''Faire du bruit'' “to cause a stir”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1690 – Defined acoustically, as opposed to musical sound.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|noise]], a sound, especially one made of irregular vibrations: ''le bruit de la pluie'', ''un bruit de pas''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # Noise as a whole, [[m|en|din]], as opposed to music or silence: ''lutter contre le bruit''.^(Larousse)^(Le Robert)

+ # An unexpected sound in a machine: ''il y a un bruit dans le moteur''.^(Larousse)

+ # A [[m|en|rumour]], a piece of news going round: ''le bruit court que…''.^(Larousse)^(Littré 1873)

+ # Stir, [[m|en|fuss]], public attention: ''faire du bruit'', ''faire grand bruit''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Larousse)

+ # ''Bruit de fond'': [[m|en|background noise]].^(Le Robert)

+ # ''Sans bruit'', ''à petit bruit'': silently, discreetly, ''à grand bruit'': noisily.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[antibruit]]

+ * [[bruitage]]

+ * [[bruiter]]

+ * [[bruiteur]]

+ * [[bruitiste]]

+ * [[ébruiter]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[bruire]]

+ * [[bruyant]]

+ * [[rugir]]

+ * [[braire]]

+ * [[en|bruit]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}