disparaître French · revision 17337

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1509, Lemaire de Belges}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /dis.pa.ʁɛtʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''disparaître'''^(Wiktionary)

+ The Académie adopted the spelling ''disparaître'' only in 1835; the 1990 reform allows ''disparaitre''.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|fr|dis-|paraître]], formed after [[la-lat|dispāreō|t=to cease to be visible]], which had given Old French [[m|fro|disparoir]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|7, 646a) The TLFi dates “disparoir” to 1170, the Grand Robert to the 13th century.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005) Littré explained “disparaître” from a supposed Latin “*disparescere”.^(Littré 1873) Compare [[it|disparire]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lemaire de Belges uses it in 1509, in the reflexive ''se disparaître'', meaning to be seen no more; the GLLF and Petit Robert date it to 1606, in Crespin.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007) The older ''disparoir'' is in the ''Life of Edward the Confessor'': ''Il disparuit devant le jur'' (“he vanished before the day”).^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was used first as a reflexive verb and then without ''se''.^(DHLF 1992) Madame de Sévigné (1676) uses it of things being dispelled, and La Bruyère (1688) of ceasing to exist, a euphemism for dying, Racine's ''Esther'' (1689) has ''aussitôt de la terre ils disparurent tous''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Of objects it has meant “to go missing, be stolen” since Richelet (1710).^(TLFi)

+

+ The derivative ''disparition'' (1559) seems not to have been used before 1611, when ''disparution'' is found, and was taken up again from 1725.^(DHLF 1992) Littré notes that the verb takes ''avoir'' for the action and, in older or literary use, ''être'' for the resulting state.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1170 – Old French ''disparoir''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1509 – ''Se disparaître'' in Lemaire de Belges.^(TLFi)

+ * 1559 – The derivative ''disparition''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1676 – Of things, “to be dispelled”, in Madame de Sévigné.^(TLFi)

+ * 1688 – “To cease to exist”, in La Bruyère.^(TLFi)

+ * 1710 – Of objects, “to go missing”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1835 – The Académie's spelling ''disparaître''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|disappear]], vanish from sight: ''le soleil disparaît derrière un nuage''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # To be hidden: ''la maison disparaissait derrière les arbres''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # (of a person) To leave suddenly; to go [[m|en|missing]].^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # (of an object) To be lost or stolen.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # To cease to exist, ''(euphemism)'' to [[m|en|die]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+ # (of a feeling or pain) To fade, be dispelled.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[disparition]]

+ * [[disparu]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[paraître]]

+ * [[apparaître]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}