préparer French · revision 17328

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1314, Henri de Mondeville, Chirurgie|origins=la parō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /pʁe.pa.ʁe/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''préparer'''^(Wiktionary)

+ The Académie wrote ''preparer'' in 1694 and 1718 and ''préparer'' from 1740.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|praeparō|t=to make ready beforehand]], formed from [[m|la|prae-|t=before]] and [[m|la|parō|t=to make ready, arrange]], the source of [[parer]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|9, 300b) “Préparation” (about 1282) and “préparatoire” (1322) were borrowed separately from the Latin derivatives.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found in 1314, in Henri de Mondeville's ''Chirurgie'', in the medical sense “to dress (a wound)”, peculiar to Middle French.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In 1370–1380 it meant to make a thing ready for its use, and it was soon applied in many trades: cooking (1510), chemistry (1563, Palissy), the dressing of wool and skins (1690) and, in music, ''préparer une dissonance'' (1705).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Eustache Deschamps (1406) uses it for making arrangements for an event, and, from 1821 it is used of preparing for an examination.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ With a person as object it meant “to make someone ready for a purpose” (1485), and the Académie recorded ''préparer un élève'' in 1694.^(TLFi) The reflexive ''se préparer'' “to get ready” is also from 1485; it came to mean “to be about to” (1604) and, of things, “to be in the offing” (Corneille, 1639).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) In African French ''préparer'' used without an object means “to cook”.^(Larousse)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1314 – “To dress (a wound)”, in Henri de Mondeville.^(TLFi)

+ * 1370–1380 – “To make ready for use”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1406 – “To make arrangements”, in Eustache Deschamps.^(TLFi)

+ * 1485 – ''Se préparer''; preparing a person, in the ''Mystère du Viel Testament''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1510 – Preparing food, in Gringore.^(TLFi)

+ * 1694 – ''Préparer un élève'' in the Académie's dictionary.^(TLFi)

+ * 1821 – Preparing for an examination.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|prepare]], get ready for use: ''préparer la table'', ''préparer ses affaires''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # To prepare (food): ''préparer le dîner''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # To arrange, organize: ''préparer une fête'', ''un voyage''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Le Robert)

+ # To study for: ''préparer un examen''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ # To make (someone) ready: ''préparer un élève'', ''préparer quelqu'un à une mauvaise nouvelle''.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+ # To pave the way for: ''préparer le terrain''.^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''Se préparer'': to get ready; to be in the offing.^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(music)'' To prepare (a dissonance).^(TLFi)

+ # ''(Africa)'' To cook.^(Larousse)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[préparateur]]

+ * [[préparatif]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[préparation]]

+ * [[préparatoire]]

+ * [[parer]]

+ * [[la|praeparō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}