dix French · revision 17326

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1050 (dis, diz)|origins=ine-pro *déḱm̥}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /dis/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Quebec): [d͡zɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Louisiana): [d͡ʒis]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /di.z‿/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dix''' (invariable)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|dis]] and [[m|fro|diz]]; the spelling with ⟨x⟩ is recorded from 1585.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|dis]], [[inh|la|decem|t=ten]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|3, 23b) The Latin word goes back to [[ine-pro|*déḱm̥]], also the source of [[grc|δέκα|tr=déka]], [[de|zehn]] and [[en|ten]].^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ Cognate with [[ro|zece]], [[it|dieci]], [[oc|detz]], [[ca|deu]], [[es|diez]] and [[pt|dez]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ As ''dis'', ''diz'' it is found from about 1050; the ''Chanson de Roland'' has ''Ou diz ou vint'' (“either ten or twenty”).^(Grand Robert 2005)^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As in Latin it could express an indefinite number, either small (''en dix lignes'', 1711) or large (''je vous l'ai dit dix fois'').^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) It has been used as an ordinal since the 16th century, and as a noun since the 12th: ''dix pour cent'' (1585), the ten of a suit of cards (1680) and dates such as ''le dix février'' (1649).^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)^(BHVF)

+

+ The compounds ''dix-sept'', ''dix-huit'' and ''dix-neuf'' are 16th-century contractions of Old French ''dis e set'', ''dis e uit'' and ''dis e neuf''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) The ordinal ''dixième'' (12th century) replaced ''disme'', from Latin ''decimus'', which survives as ''dîme''.^(DHLF 1992) In Belgium ''le dix-heures'' is a mid-morning snack.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1050 – ''Dis'', ''diz''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * 12th century – Used as a noun, ''dis e set'', ''dis e uit'', ''dis e neuf''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 16th century – Used as an ordinal; the compounds ''dix-sept'' etc.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1585 – ''Dix pour cent'' in Noël du Fail; the spelling ''dix''.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ * 1680 – A playing card, in Richelet.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Numeral===

+ # [[m|en|ten]]: ''un enfant de dix ans''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # Tenth, in dates, page numbers and names of rulers: ''page dix'', ''Charles X''.^(Larousse)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # An indefinite number, few or many: ''en dix lignes'', ''je vous l'ai répété dix fois''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Larousse)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # The number ten; the tenth day of a month: ''le dix du mois''.^(Larousse)

+ # A playing card marked with ten pips.^(Larousse)^(BHVF)

+ # ''(familiar)'' ''Ça vaut dix'': it's remarkable.^(Larousse)

+ # ''(Belgium)'' ''Le dix-heures'': a mid-morning snack.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dixième]]

+ * [[dizain]]

+ * [[dizaine]]

+ * [[dix-sept]]

+ * [[dix-huit]]

+ * [[dix-neuf]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dîme]]

+ * [[la|decem]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ It is pronounced [dis] at a pause and as a noun, [diz] before a vowel or mute ''h'', and [di] before a consonant.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}