journal French · revision 17313

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=1119, Philippe de Thaon, Comput|origins=la diēs}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʒuʁ.nal/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''journal''' ''m'' (plural journaux)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|jornal]], [[m|fro|jornel]]; the popular form in ''-el'' survives in [[journellement]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ In the old sense of a measure of land the plural is ''journals''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|jornal]], [[inh|la-lat|diurnālis|t=of the day]], from [[m|la|diurnus|t=of the day]], from [[m|la|diēs|t=day]].^(Wiktionary)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007) The TLFi and Bloch–Wartburg treat it as a derivative of “jorn”, the old form of [[jour]], with the suffix “-al”, Rey thinks the Latin origin more probable, since “diurnalis” and “jornalis” are found from 704 for a measure of land.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992) Old and Middle French hesitated between the learned ending “-al” and the popular “-el”, and “-al” won.^(TLFi)

+

+ Bloch and Wartburg suggest that the sense “periodical” may be due to [[it|giornale]];^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) the Latin “acta diurna”, the daily public record of Rome, is a parallel.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first an adjective: ''esteiles jurnals'', “morning stars”, in Philippe de Thaon's ''Comput'' (1119).^(TLFi) As a noun it meant the break of day in the early 12th century, and about 1150 a measure of land, the area that could be ploughed in a day.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Old French the noun also meant a day, a day's battle or journey, and a day's work; the measure of land is still alive in some regions.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) From 1319 it was a register of acts kept in the Chambre des Comptes, and, from 1371 a book of daily prayers; from these came the sense of a day-by-day account.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) ''Livre journal'' (1543) and ''papier journal'' (1553), a book of accounts, keep the old adjective.^(TLFi)

+

+ In the 17th century ''journal'' became the name of periodicals: first learned ones, such as the ''Journal des savants'' (1665), while news-sheets were called ''gazettes''.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) The modern sense of a newspaper dates from the ''Journal de Paris'' of 1777, the first French daily, and the word gradually drove out ''gazette''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) ''Journal intime'' is recorded in 1780 (Restif de La Bretonne);^(GLLF 1989) later the word was applied to news bulletins on radio (''journal parlé'', 1880) and television (''journal télévisé'').^(DHLF 1992) In Belgium a ''journal de classe'' is a pupil's homework book.^(DHLF 1992) [[en|journal]], mid-14th century, came from Anglo-French ''jurnal''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1119 – ''Esteiles jurnals'' “morning stars”, Philippe de Thaon.^(TLFi)

+ * Early 12th century – Break of day, in the ''Voyage of Saint Brendan''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1150 – A measure of land, in the ''Charroi de Nîmes''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1319 – A register of acts of the Chambre des Comptes.^(TLFi)

+ * 1371 – A book of daily prayers.^(TLFi)

+ * 1543 – ''Livre journal'', an account book.^(TLFi)

+ * 1665 – The ''Journal des savants''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1777 – The ''Journal de Paris'', the first French daily.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+ * 1780 – ''Journal intime''.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1880 – ''Journal parlé''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|diary]]: a day-by-day written account of events: ''tenir un journal'', ''journal intime'', ''journal de bord''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # A [[m|en|newspaper]], especially a daily one; also a periodical publication.^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # A news [[m|en|bulletin]] on radio or television: ''le journal de 20 heures''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(commerce)'' An account book, ''livre journal''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # ''(computing)'' A [[m|en|log]].^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(dated, regional)'' A measure of land, as much as could be ploughed in a day.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[journalier]]

+ * [[journalisme]]

+ * [[journaliste]]

+ * [[journellement]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[jour]]

+ * [[journée]]

+ * [[diurne]]

+ * [[la|diurnālis]]

+ * [[en|journal]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ As an adjective “daily” it is obsolete except in ''livre journal'' and ''papier journal''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}