bord French · revision 17310

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1121, Voyage de saint Brendan (bort)|origins=frk *bord}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /bɔʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''bord''' ''m'' (plural bords)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|bort]], still written so in the 16th century.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|bort]], [[bor|frk|*bord|t=side of a ship]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)^(FEW|15/1, 180a) The Frankish word is reconstructed from [[non|borð|t=edge; the upper side of a ship]] and related to [[osx|bord]], [[ang|bord]], [[nl|boord]] and [[goh|bort]].^(DHLF 1992) The Frankish word for a plank, behind [[borde]] and [[bordel]], came into French separately; how the Germanic words are related is disputed, some tracing both to an Indo-European root [[ine-pro|*bʰerdʰ-|t=to cut]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ [[it|bordo]] and [[es|bordo]] come from Gallo-Romance.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first use (about 1121, ''Voyage of Saint Brendan'') is nautical: ''bord de la nef'', the side of the ship.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In seafaring it is the upper edge of the planking and each side of the ship, whence ''bord à bord'' (before 1307) and ''virer de bord'' “to tack”, used figuratively for a complete change of course; by metonymy it is the ship itself, as in ''à bord'' (about 1500), later used of vehicles and aircraft, ''journal de bord'' and ''tableau de bord''.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) ''Être du même bord'' “to be on the same side” is of the 17th century.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ From about 1160 the word was applied to the edge of any surface: the rim of a well (1174–77), a river bank (before 1307), the brim of a hat (1680); ''au bord du précipice'' is figurative from 1670.^(DHLF 1992) In Quebec French ''se virer de bord'' means to turn round and ''prendre le bord'' to leave in a hurry.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1121 – The side of a ship, in the ''Voyage of Saint Brendan''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1160 – The edge of a surface.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * Before 1307 – ''Bord à bord''; a river bank.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1500 – ''À bord''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1670 – ''Au bord du précipice'', figuratively.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1680 – The brim of a hat.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|edge]], border: the outer limit of a surface or object: ''le bord de la table''.^(Wiktionary)^(Larousse)

+ # The rim of a container or an opening: ''rempli jusqu'au bord''.^(Larousse)

+ # [[m|en|shore]], bank: the land along water: ''au bord de la mer'', ''les bords de la Seine''.^(Larousse)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(nautical)'' The side of a ship; the ship itself: ''à bord'', ''par-dessus bord'', ''virer de bord''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # ''Au bord de'': on the verge of: ''au bord des larmes''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Sur les bords'': slightly, a little (''il est un peu menteur sur les bords'').^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[aborder]]

+ * [[déborder]]

+ * [[bordage]]

+ * [[bordée]]

+ * [[border]]

+ * [[bordure]]

+ * [[bordereau]]

+ * [[plat-bord]]

+ * [[rebord]]

+ * [[transborder]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[bâbord]]

+ * [[tribord]]

+ * [[borde]]

+ * [[en|board]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}