réveiller French · revision 17306

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1155, Wace, Brut (resveillier)|origins=la vigil}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʁe.vɛ.je/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /ʁe.ve.je/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''réveiller'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|resveillier]]; spelled ''reveiller'' by the Académie in 1694 and 1718, ''réveiller'' since 1740.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|fr|re-|éveiller]], with an intensive prefix.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989) [[éveiller|alt=Éveiller]] is from [[la-vul|*exvigilō]], for classical [[m|la|ēvigilō|t=to wake up]], from [[m|la|vigil|t=awake, watchful]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|3, 336a) The TLFi notes that the prefix first gave the sense of waking someone by unusual means or at an unusual hour, and that “réveiller” tends to oust the simple verb in everyday French.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ Cognate with [[pro|revelhar]] and [[it|risvegliare]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first recorded in Wace's ''Brut'' (1155), meaning to wake a person from sleep; the reflexive ''se réveiller'' is found in the first half of the 13th century.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From about 1440 it meant to bring someone round from a faint.^(TLFi) Figuratively it meant to rouse from inactivity: Jean de Meun (1269–78) has oxen roused with the goad.^(TLFi) Froissart (about 1360) uses it for reviving a claim, and Racine has ''quel feu mal étouffé dans mon cœur se réveille?'' in ''Phèdre'' (1677).^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989) The proverb ''il ne faut pas réveiller le chat qui dort'' warns against stirring up trouble.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1155 – Wace, ''Brut'': to wake someone up.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1165 – ''Au resvillier'', “on waking”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1269–78 – Figurative “to rouse”, Jean de Meun.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1440 – To bring round from a faint.^(TLFi)

+ * 1677 – ''Se réveiller'' of a feeling, Racine's ''Phèdre''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|wake]] (someone) up: ''réveillez-moi à six heures''.^(Le Robert)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''Se réveiller'': to wake up.^(Wiktionary)^(Larousse)

+ # To bring back to consciousness, ''un bruit à réveiller les morts'', loud enough to wake the dead.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To [[m|en|rouse]], stir up (a person) from inactivity.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To revive, rekindle (a feeling, a memory, a pain): ''réveiller de vieux souvenirs''.^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[réveil]]

+ * [[réveille-matin]]

+ * [[réveillon]]

+ * [[réveilleur]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[éveiller]]

+ * [[veiller]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}