vendre French · revision 17304

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 980, Passion de Clermont|origins=la dō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /vɑ̃dʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Louisiana): [vɔ̃n]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vendre'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|vendō|t=to put up for sale; to praise, cry up]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|14, 231b) The Latin verb is a contraction of “venum dare”, from [[m|la|vēnum|t=sale]] (whence [[vénal]]) and [[m|la|dō|t=to give]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ Cognate with [[pro|vendre]], [[es|vender]] and [[it|vendere]].^(Littré 1873)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first record, in the ''Passion'' of Clermont (late 10th century), is figurative: to give someone up for money, to [[m|en|betray]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(TLFi) The ''Chanson de Roland'' still uses it so: Ganelon ''alat vendre'' Charlemagne's household at Saragossa.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The proper sense, to give something in exchange for money, and to trade in goods, appears in the 11th century, in the Laws of William.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) ''Se vendre cher'' “to sell one's life dearly” is in the ''Chanson de Roland'' (1080), whence ''vendre chèrement sa vie'' (1630) and familiar ''vendre cher sa peau'' (mid-16th century).^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ From the 13th century it was used of selling a service or right (1260) and, with ''sa char'', of prostitution (about 1265), later ''se vendre'' (14th century).^(DHLF 1992) ''Se vendre'' also meant to give up one's freedom for money (1552), and in the 19th century to sign up as a paid substitute in the army.^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF) In the 20th century it came to mean to market anything, a region or an idea (1927).^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 980 – “To betray”, in the ''Passion'' of Clermont.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+ * c. 1080 – ''Se vendre cher'', ''Chanson de Roland''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1265 – ''Vendre sa char'', Jean de Meun.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1538 – ''Être à quelqu'un à vendre et à dépendre''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1630 – ''Vendre chèrement sa vie''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1927 – Selling a region to tourists.^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|sell]]: to give up the ownership of something for money: ''vendre sa maison'', ''à vendre'', for sale.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # To deal in, trade in (goods): ''il vend des fruits''.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # To [[m|en|betray]] for money; to denounce: ''vendre un complice''.^(Wiktionary)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''Se vendre'': to be sold (''ce modèle se vend bien''); to put oneself at someone's service for gain.^(Le Robert)

+ # In phrases: ''vendre la mèche'' (to give the game away), ''vendre la peau de l'ours'' (to count one's chickens before they are hatched).^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[revendre]]

+ * [[vendable]]

+ * [[vendeur]]

+ * [[invendu]]

+ * [[vente]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vénal]]

+ * [[la|vendō]]

+ * [[en|vend]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}