dîner French · revision 17299

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1131, Couronnement de Louis (disner)|origins=la iēiūnus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /di.ne/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dîner'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|disner]]; also ''digner'', ''deigner''; the spelling ''dîner'' dates from the 17th century.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Littré 1873)

+ The noun '''dîner''' ''m'' (plural ''dîners'') is the infinitive used as a noun.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|disner]], [[inh|la-lat|disieiūnō|t=to break one's fast]], reduced by haplology to [[m|la-vul|*disiūnō]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|3, 94b) The Latin verb is formed from [[m|la|dis-]] and [[m|la-lat|iēiūnō|t=to fast]], from [[m|la|iēiūnus|t=fasting]].^(Wiktionary) The same Latin verb gave [[déjeuner]]: “dîner” comes from the forms stressed on the ending (“disn-”), “déjeuner” from those stressed on the stem, Medieval Latin has “disnare” in the 9th century.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) The ⟨i⟩ is not well explained.^(TLFi)

+

+ Cognate with [[oc|dinar]], [[ca|dinar]] and [[it|desinare]].^(Littré 1873) Littré reports older explanations from [[grc|δειπνέω|tr=deipnéō|t=to dine]] or from the grace “dignare, domine”, which he rejects.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In the ''Couronnement de Louis'' (about 1131) the knights ''ont disné'' in the morning: the verb first meant to take the first meal of the day.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As mealtimes moved later, the main meal came to be taken at midday and ''dîner'' meant to eat it (1532, Rabelais), while ''déjeuner'' became a light morning meal.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Before 1747 Lesage uses it for the evening meal, a use that spread in the 19th century at the expense of [[souper]], which was kept for a late meal.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) The noun ''dîner'' (before 1150) followed the same course and means the evening meal from 1814.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ In Belgium, Switzerland and Quebec ''dîner'' is still the midday meal, and ''souper'' the evening one.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary) The proverb ''qui dort dîne'' means that sleep makes one forget hunger.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1131 – ''Disner'' “to breakfast”, ''Couronnement de Louis''.^(TLFi)

+ * Before 1150 – The noun ''disner''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1532 – To take the midday meal, Rabelais.^(TLFi)

+ * 17th century – The spelling ''dîner''.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * Before 1747 – The evening meal, Lesage.^(TLFi)

+ * 1814 – The noun “evening meal”.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To have [[m|en|dinner]], to eat the evening meal: ''nous dînons à huit heures'', ''dîner en ville''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Belgium, Switzerland, Quebec; dated)'' To have [[m|en|lunch]], the midday meal.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(obsolete)'' To take the first meal of the day.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''Dinner'', the evening meal; a dinner party: ''un dîner d'affaires'', ''dîner aux chandelles''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Belgium, Switzerland, Quebec, Africa)'' Lunch, the midday meal.^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # The dishes served at this meal.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dînette]]

+ * [[dînée]]

+ * [[dîneur]]

+ * [[dînatoire]]

+ * [[après-dîner]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[déjeuner]]

+ * [[jeûner]]

+ * [[souper]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}