musique French · revision 17289

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1150, Roman de Thèbes|origins=grc Μοῦσα}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /my.zik/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Quebec): /my.zɪk/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Quebec): /mʏ.zɪk/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''musique''' ''f'' (countable and uncountable, plural musiques)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|mūsica|t=music]], from [[grc|μουσική|tr=mousikḗ|t=the art of the Muses]] (with “tékhnē” “art” understood), the feminine of [[m|grc|μουσικός|tr=mousikós|t=of the Muses]], from [[m|grc|Μοῦσα|tr=Moûsa|t=Muse]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(GLLF 1989)^(FEW|6/3, 263b) The Muses, led by Apollo, sang at the banquets of the gods.^(DHLF 1992) Wiktionary takes the French word as inherited, through Old French “musique”.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Cognate with [[ro|muzică]], [[it|musica]], [[es|música]] and [[de|Musik]].^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In the ''Roman de Thèbes'' (about 1150) ''par la gamme chante musique'': the art of combining musical sounds.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The GLLF and the Grand Robert date it to about 1130, in ''Eneas''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From the 15th century it named a kind of composition: ''musique instrumentale'', ''musique d'église'' is in Rousseau (1785) and ''musique de chambre'', after the Italian, in George Sand (1855).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) From the 16th century it meant a group of musicians (1553), later ousted by [[orchestre]] except for a band (1860) and ''en avant la musique!''; a performance (1636), replaced by ''concert''; and written notation (1669), as in ''papier à musique'', whence ''réglé comme du papier à musique'' (1690).^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+

+ It is used of any pleasing or (ironically) unpleasing sound (''la musique d'un asne'', 1560–65), of the music of language (before 1778, Voltaire) and in ''connaître la musique'' “to know the score” (1880).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) ''Grande musique'' “classical music” is found in 1889.^(BHVF)^(DHLF 1992) In Belgium, Switzerland and Quebec ''musique à bouche'' is a harmonica.^(DHLF 1992) Montesquieu (1748) uses the word for the whole of the Greek education of the mind.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1150 – ''Roman de Thèbes''.^(TLFi)

+ * 15th century – ''Musique instrumentale''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1553 – A group of musicians; a musical work.^(TLFi)

+ * 1669 – ''Note de musique''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1690 – ''Mettre en musique'', ''papier de musique''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1855 – ''Musique de chambre'', George Sand.^(TLFi)

+ * 1880 – ''Connaître la musique''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1889 – ''Grande musique''.^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|music]]: the art of combining sounds; its productions: ''écouter de la musique'', ''musique classique''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Written music, notation: ''lire la musique'', ''papier à musique''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # A [[m|en|band]], especially a military one: ''la musique du régiment''.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+ # Harmony of sounds in language or nature: ''la musique d'un vers''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(familiar)'' ''Connaître la musique'': to know the score, ''c'est toujours la même musique'': it's the same old story.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[musical]]

+ * [[musicien]]

+ * [[musiquette]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[muse]]

+ * [[musée]]

+ * [[la|mūsica]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}