chacun French · revision 17286

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1050, Vie de saint Alexis (cascune)|origins=la quisque, grc κατά}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʃa.kœ̃/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''chacun''' ''m'' (feminine chacune)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|cascun]], [[m|fro|chascun]]; an older form [[m|fro|cadhun]] (Strasbourg Oaths, 842), later ''chaün'', ''cheün'', was ousted by ''chacun''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|chascun]], [[inh|la-vul|*cascūnus]], a cross between [[m|la|quisque|t=each]] with “ūnus” “one” and “*catūnum”, a contraction of “(ūnum) cata ūnum” “one by one”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|2, 482a) The distributive [[m|la-lat|cata]] (4th century) was borrowed from [[grc|κατά|tr=katá|t=down; by, each]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Bloch and Wartburg describe it instead as Old French “chaün” crossed with the descendants of “quisque”, which was lost before the literary period.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ Cognate with [[oc|cadun]], [[ca|cadascun]] and [[it|ciascuno]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Life of Saint Alexis'' (about 1050) has the adjective ''cascune''; the pronoun ''cascuns'' “each person” is in the ''Chanson de Roland'' (about 1100).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was used as an adjective until the 17th century (La Fontaine, 1668), when Vaugelas condemned it and it was replaced by [[chaque]], itself formed on ''chacun'' (''chasque'', about 1176) on the model of ''quelque'' and ''quelqu'un''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) ''Un chacun'' (12th century), common in the 16th century, was called low by Furetière in 1690, ''tout un chacun'' and ''chacun avec sa chacune'' (before 1250) survive as familiar archaisms.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Rabelais has ''chacun s'en va dans sa chacunière'', “everyone goes home” (1532).^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 842 – ''Cadhun'', Strasbourg Oaths.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1050 – ''Cascune'', ''Life of Saint Alexis''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1100 – ''Cascuns'', ''Chanson de Roland''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1176 – ''Chasque'', the adjective formed from it.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1532 – ''Chacunière'', Rabelais.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1668 – Last adjectival use, La Fontaine.^(TLFi)

+ * 1690 – Furetière calls ''un chacun'' low.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Pronoun===

+ # [[m|en|each]], each one (of a group): ''chacun de nous'', ''chacune d'elles''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|everyone]], everybody: ''chacun en parle'', ''à chacun son goût'', ''chacun pour soi''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(familiar)'' ''Tout un chacun'': anybody, ''chacun avec sa chacune'': each with his partner.^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[chacunière]]

+ * [[chaque]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[un]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}