sauter French · revision 17270

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=1181–90, Chrétien de Troyes, Perceval|origins=la saliō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /so.te/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sauter'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|saltō|t=to dance, (Late Latin) to jump]], the frequentative of [[m|la|saliō|t=to jump, leap]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|11, 112a) “Saltāre” properly meant “to jump”, but in classical Latin it was used for dancing with mime; in popular Latin it took back the sense “to jump” at the expense of “salīre”, which gave [[saillir]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992) The sense “to dance” survives in Italian, while French uses words of Germanic origin such as [[danser]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|saltare]], [[oc|sautar]], [[ca|saltar]], [[es|saltar]] and [[pt|saltar]].^(REW 1935)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In Chrétien de Troyes' ''Perceval'' (1181–90) it means to spring up into the air, landing in the same place or clearing a space.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the 15th century it meant to cover a female (1440–75), a use later taken over by ''saillir'' but revived in slang as “to have sex with”.^(DHLF 1992) From the 16th century came ''sauter sur qqn'' “to attack” (before 1506), ''sauter au col'' (1538), later ''au cou'' (1666), “to embrace eagerly”, and ''reculer pour mieux sauter'' (Marot).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) ''Sauter du coq à l'âne'' (15th century) is to jump from one subject to another, and, from 1636 ''sauter'' means to skip a passage when reading.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ From 1580 it meant to blow up, burst: ''faire sauter'' a mine or a fortress (1587), ''se faire sauter la cervelle'' (1680), and, from 1800 to lose one's position.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) In cooking ''faire sauter'' (1767) is to fry quickly over a high heat, tossing the food, Turkish borrowed it as ''sote''.^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF)^(Wiktionary) ''Sauter aux yeux'' “to be obvious” dates from 1663.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1181–90 – First record, Chrétien de Troyes.^(TLFi)

+ * 1440–75 – “To cover (a female)”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * Before 1506 – ''Sauter sur qqn'' “to attack”.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1530 – ''Reculer pour mieux sauter'', Marot.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1580 – “To explode”, Palissy.^(TLFi)

+ * 1636 – To skip a passage.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1663 – ''Sauter aux yeux'', Molière.^(TLFi)

+ * 1767 – ''Faire sauter'' in cooking.^(BHVF)

+ * 1876 – Of a firm, “to go bankrupt”, Zola.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|jump]], [[m|en|leap]]: ''sauter en l'air'', ''sauter de joie''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To jump over, clear: ''sauter un fossé'', ''sauter le pas'', to take the plunge.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # To [[m|en|skip]], leave out: ''sauter une ligne'', ''sauter un repas''.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''Sauter sur'': to pounce on; to jump at (an offer).^(Larousse)^(TLFi)

+ # To blow up, [[m|en|explode]], ''faire sauter'', to blow up, ''les plombs ont sauté'', the fuses have blown.^(Wiktionary)^(Le Robert)

+ # ''(familiar)'' Of a person, to lose one's job; of a firm, to go bankrupt.^(TLFi)

+ # ''(cooking)'' ''Faire sauter'': to [[m|en|sauté]].^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(slang)'' To have sex with.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''Sauter aux yeux'': to be obvious.^(TLFi)^(Le Robert)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[saut]]

+ * [[sauterelle]]

+ * [[sauteur]]

+ * [[sauterie]]

+ * [[sautiller]]

+ * [[sautoir]]

+ * [[saute-mouton]]

+ * [[sursauter]]

+ * [[tressauter]]

+ * [[ressauter]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[assaut]]

+ * [[saillir]]

+ * [[la|saltō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}