lorsque French · revision 17267

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=c. 1200, Le Châtelain de Coucy (lors que)}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /lɔʁsk/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /lɔʁ.skə/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''lorsque'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Written ''lors que'' from about 1200; joined in the 15th or 16th century (''lorsque'' in Palsgrave, 1530), though the Académie printed ''lors que'' until 1762.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a compound [[af|fr|lors|que]].^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Littré 1873)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|4, 475a) The /s/ of “lors” had fallen silent, and its pronunciation in “lorsque” was restored only in the 17th century: Daniel Martin still wrote “lorke” in 1632.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989) The GLLF and the TLFi attribute the change to the influence of [[parce que]], and the TLFi compares [[puisque]] and [[jusque]].^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found about 1200 in the songs of the Châtelain de Coucy: ''lors que la vi, li laissai en hostage mon cuer'' “when I saw her, I left her my heart as a hostage”.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It has always marked simultaneity, “at the time when”; with the conditional or the indicative it also expresses contrast, “whereas”, a literary use first noted in Corneille (1642).^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007) It is more literary than [[quand]] and draws more attention to the clause it introduces.^(GLLF 1989) In the 18th century Parisians said ''lorseque'', with a reinforcing /ə/, a pronunciation criticised in 1733.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1200 – ''Lors que'', the Châtelain de Coucy.^(TLFi)

+ * 1530 – ''Lorsque'' in one word, Palsgrave.^(TLFi)

+ * 1632 – Still pronounced ''lorke''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1642 – Contrastive use, Corneille.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1835 – The Académie writes it in one word.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Conjunction===

+ # [[m|en|when]], at the time when: ''lorsque tu auras fini, viens me voir''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(literary)'' Whereas, [[m|en|while]]: ''on fait des discours lorsqu'il faut agir''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[lors]]

+ * [[que]]

+ * [[quand]]

+ * [[alors]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The final ''e'' is elided before ''il'', ''elle'', ''on'', ''en'', ''un'' and ''une'' (''lorsqu'il''), and in modern usage often before any vowel.^(Larousse)^(Le Robert) The two parts may be separated: ''lors donc que vous viendrez''.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}