confiance French · revision 17264

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1408|origins=la fīdō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /kɔ̃.fjɑ̃s/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''confiance''' ''f'' (plural confiances)^(Wiktionary)

+ ''Confience'' is recorded in the 13th century, ''confiance'' from the 15th.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|cōnfīdentia|t=confidence, assurance; boldness]], from [[m|la|cōnfīdō|t=to trust fully]], adapted after [[fro|fiance|t=faith, trust]].^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|2, 1033b) “Cōnfīdō” is formed on [[m|la|fīdō|t=to trust]].^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989) It is a doublet of [[confidence]], taken from the same Latin word without the adaptation.^(Wiktionary) Littré derived it from [[confiant]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first dated record, from 1408 in documents of the history of Burgundy, has the sense “faith, trust in something or someone”.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Cotgrave (1611) records the sense “assurance, boldness”, confidence in oneself.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989) In classical French ''confiance'' could also mean a secret told in confidence (Retz, about 1665, Madame de Sévigné), a sense since taken by ''confidence''.^(GLLF 1989) ''Homme de confiance'', ''place de confiance'' and ''de confiance'' “without misgiving” are in Littré, and ''magasin de confiance'', a shop's claim to reliability, is found in 1808.^(Littré 1873)^(BHVF) In politics the government asks Parliament for its ''confiance'', and ''question de confiance'' and ''vote de confiance'' belong to parliamentary language.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 13th century – ''Confience''.^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * 1408 – ''Confiance'' “trust”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1611 – “Assurance, boldness”, Cotgrave.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1665 – “A confidence, secret”, Retz.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1808 – ''Magasin de confiance''.^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|trust]]: ''avoir confiance en quelqu'un'', ''faire confiance à'', ''inspirer confiance''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|confidence]], self-assurance: ''confiance en soi'', ''avec confiance''.^(Wiktionary)^(Larousse)

+ # ''De confiance'': trusted, reliable: ''un homme de confiance'', ''abus de confiance'', breach of trust.^(Littré 1873)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Public confidence in a government or in the economy, ''(politics)'' ''vote de confiance'', vote of confidence.^(Larousse)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[confiant]]

+ * [[confier]]

+ * [[confidence]]

+ * [[fier]]

+ * [[méfiance]]

+ * [[défiance]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}