réussir French · revision 17261

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1531|origins=la exeō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʁe.y.siʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''réussir'''^(Wiktionary)

+ First written ''reuscir'' (about 1550), then ''réussir'' (about 1570); the Académie wrote ''reüssir'' in 1694 and ''réussir'' from 1718.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|it|riuscire|t=to come out again; to turn out; to succeed]], formed from [[m|it|ri-]] and [[m|it|uscire|t=to go out]], from [[la|exeō|t=to go out]], which also gave [[fro|issir]] and [[issue]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Littré 1873)^(FEW|3, 297a) Wiktionary takes it instead as a back-formation from [[réussite]], from [[m|it|riuscita]].^(Wiktionary) It was one of the Italianisms of the 16th century that Henri Estienne criticised, Pasquier noted that it had been borrowed from Italian, “but time has favoured” it.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first record, in 1531 in the state papers of Cardinal Granvelle, is ''réussir de'' “to result from”.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As in Italian, it first meant “to turn out, have an outcome”, good or bad (''réussir à'', 1537, ''tout est reussy à bien'', 1579), a neutral sense alive until the 17th century: Bossuet writes ''tout a réussi contre nos pensées''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) The modern sense “to turn out well” appears in 1540 with things and soon with people.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) In the 17th century it came to be said of a person who succeeds (1624), with ''à'' and an infinitive (1627), and of plants that thrive (1680).^(TLFi) The transitive use ''réussir quelque chose'' is recorded by Boiste only in 1834 but has become usual; ironic ''c'est réussi!'' recalls the old neutral sense.^(DHLF 1992) German borrowed the word as [[de|reüssieren]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1531 – ''Réussir de'' “to result from”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1537 – ''Réussir à'' “to turn out”, Guillaume du Bellay.^(TLFi)

+ * 1540 – “To turn out well”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1583 – ''Réussite'', from Italian ''riuscita''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1624 – Of a person, “to succeed”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1627 – ''Réussir à'' + infinitive, Sorel.^(TLFi)

+ * 1680 – Of a plant, “to thrive”, Richelet.^(TLFi)

+ * 1834 – Transitive ''réussir qqch.'', Boiste.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # Of a thing: to [[m|en|succeed]], turn out well: ''l'opération a réussi''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # Of a person: to succeed, be successful: ''réussir dans la vie'', ''réussir à un examen''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''Réussir à'' + infinitive: to [[m|en|manage]] to: ''il a réussi à ouvrir la porte''.^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # ''Réussir à quelqu'un'': to do someone good, work out for them: ''tout lui réussit''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To carry off, do well; to pass (an exam): ''réussir un plat'', ''réussir son bac''.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # Of a plant: to thrive.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[réussi]]

+ * [[non-réussite]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[réussite]]

+ * [[issue]]

+ * [[it|riuscire]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}