habitude French · revision 17258

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1365, Oresme|origins=la habeō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /a.bi.tyd/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''habitude''' ''f'' (plural habitudes)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la-lat|habitūdō|t=physical appearance; condition; relation]], from “habitum”, the supine of [[la|habeō|t=to have; to be in a certain state]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|4, 370b) The TLFi and the FEW think the modern sense owes something to the verb [[habituer]], and Bloch and Wartburg suggest it passed through scholastic Latin.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) The link with [[habiter]] is no longer felt.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Oresme introduced it: in his ''Traictié des monnoies'' (1365) it means “relation, connection”, and in his translation of Aristotle's ''Ethics'' (1370–72) the general disposition of the body, ''habitude de corps''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ These senses lasted into the 17th century and are now archaic, though ''l'habitude du corps'' “bodily constitution” is still in Molière.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) In the second half of the 15th century it came to mean regular dealings with someone, and the plural ''habitudes'' “acquaintances” was common in classical French.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) The modern sense, a disposition acquired by repetition, dates from 1580, under the influence of ''habituer'', ''par habitude'' is from 1694 and ''d'habitude'' from 1845.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) The phrase ''avoir l'habitude de'', usual from the 17th century, replaced the old verb [[fro|soloir]] “to be accustomed”, from [[la|soleō]], whose disappearance La Bruyère noted.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1365 – “Relation”, Oresme.^(TLFi)

+ * 1370–72 – “Bodily constitution”, Oresme.^(TLFi)

+ * Second half of the 15th century – “Regular dealings with someone”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1580 – The modern sense, a disposition acquired by repetition.^(TLFi)

+ * 1694 – ''Par habitude''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1845 – ''D'habitude''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|habit]], custom: ''une bonne, une mauvaise habitude'', ''prendre l'habitude de''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Avoir l'habitude de'': to be used to; to be in the habit of.^(Larousse)^(TLFi)

+ # Familiarity, practice, acquired skill: ''l'habitude de la conduite''.^(Larousse)

+ # ''D'habitude'': usually, ''comme d'habitude'', as usual, ''par habitude'', out of habit.^(DHLF 1992)^(Le Robert)

+ # ''(dated)'' Constitution, build: ''l'habitude du corps''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[habitudinaire]]

+ * [[inhabitude]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[habituer]]

+ * [[habituel]]

+ * [[habitus]]

+ * [[la|habitūdō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}