tromper French · revision 17249

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=c. 1352–56, Jean le Bel}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /tʁɔ̃.pe/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tromper'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a figurative use of [[fro|tromper|t=to sound the horn]] (about 1195; 1217 “to announce by trumpet”), derived from [[trompe|t=horn, trumpet]].^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary) The transitive sense comes from the old pronominal “se tromper de qqn” “to make fun of someone” (1388), perhaps from playing the horn at someone's expense.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005) Pierre Guiraud contests this and derives the verb from [[la|triumphō|t=to triumph]], with a development “to triumph over”, “to mock”, “to deceive”.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) Littré reports Diez's view that it comes from “trompe” “spinning top”, “to make someone spin”.^(Littré 1873) “Trompe” is from [[frk|*trumpa]], of imitative origin.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Jean le Bel (about 1352–56) has ''se trouver trompé'' “to find oneself in a tight spot”; in 1388 ''se tromper de qqn'' meant to make fun of someone.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In 1396 it was used transitively for “to mock”, and by 1420 it had its modern sense, to mislead deliberately, ''Pathelin'' (about 1456–69) uses it absolutely.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The derivatives [[trompeur]] and [[tromperie]] (about 1385) suggest that the verb was in use earlier.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Reflexive ''se tromper'' “to be mistaken” is in Rabelais (1534); ''si je ne me trompe'' dates from 1633, and ''se tromper de'' “to take the wrong one” from 1812.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The 16th century added ''tromper la faim'', ''tromper le temps'' (1552–58) and of things ''tromper l'attente'' (1580); Molière (1665–67) uses it for marital unfaithfulness, and Racine (1672) for eluding a watch.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1195 – ''Tromper'' “to sound the horn”, Ambroise.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1385 – ''Tromperie''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1388 – ''Se tromper de qqn'' “to make fun of someone”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1420 – “To deceive”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1534 – ''Se tromper'' “to be mistaken”, Rabelais.^(TLFi)

+ * 1558 – ''Tromper le temps''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1667 – “To be unfaithful to”, Molière.^(TLFi)

+ * 1800 – ''Trompe-l'œil''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1812 – ''Se tromper de''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|deceive]], mislead; to [[m|en|cheat]]: ''tromper un client''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To be [[m|en|unfaithful]] to: ''tromper sa femme''.^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # To elude: ''tromper la vigilance des gardiens''.^(Littré 1873)^(TLFi)

+ # To stave off, beguile: ''tromper la faim'', ''tromper l'ennui''.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # Of things, to mislead; to disappoint: ''tromper l'attente'', ''cela ne trompe pas''.^(Littré 1873)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''Se tromper'': to be mistaken, make a mistake, ''se tromper de'', to get the wrong (one): ''se tromper de route''.^(Wiktionary)^(Le Robert)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[tromperie]]

+ * [[trompeur]]

+ * [[détromper]]

+ * [[trompe-l'œil]]

+ * [[trompe-la-mort]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[trompe]]

+ * [[trompette]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}