naître French · revision 17226

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=second half of the 10th century, Vie de saint Léger (nez)|origins=la nāscor}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /nɛtʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA: /nɛːtʁ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''naître'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''naistre'', ''nestre'' (1080); the Académie wrote ''naistre'' until 1718 and ''naître'' from 1740, ''naitre'' is the 1990 reformed spelling.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)^(Larousse)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|naistre]], [[inh|la-vul|nāscō|alt=nāscere]], for classical [[m|la|nāscor|alt=nāscī|t=to be born; to arise]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|7, 18a) The Latin verb was earlier “gnāscī” (compare archaic “gnātus”), from the Indo-European root “*ǵenh₁-” “to beget, be born”, also seen in [[m|la|gignō|t=to beget]] and [[grc|γίγνομαι|tr=gígnomai]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)^(Petit Robert 2007) The past participle [[m|la|nātus]] gave [[né]], and Old French “nul home né” echoes Latin “nēmō nātus”.^(TLFi)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|nascere]], [[ca|néixer]], [[es|nacer]], [[pt|nascer]] and [[ro|naște]].^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ''Vie de saint Léger'' (second half of the 10th century) has the participle ''nez'': ''ciel ne fud nez de medre vius'' “no one born of a living mother”; the ''Vie de saint Alexis'' (about 1050) uses it for one's origin: ''fud la pulcela nethe de halt parentét'' “the maiden was born of high lineage”.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Most of its senses go back to Old French: of animals (about 1160) and plants (1180–1200), of geographical origin (''nés de France'') and social rank (''bien née'', late 13th century).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Figuratively it meant to appear, come into view (Chrétien de Troyes), of the dawn (about 1180), of a feeling (1176–81), and of a river rising (Brunetto Latini, about 1265).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) ''Aveugle-né'' is in Montaigne (1580), and phrases such as ''n'être pas né de la dernière pluie'' are modern.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989) The derivative [[naissance]] (early 12th century) was formed after Latin [[m|la|nāscentia]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Second half of the 10th century – ''Nez'' “born”, ''Vie de saint Léger''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1050 – “To be descended”, ''Vie de saint Alexis''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1160 – Of an animal, ''Eneas''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1176–81 – Of a feeling, Chrétien de Troyes.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1265 – Of a river, Brunetto Latini.^(TLFi)

+ * 1580 – ''Aveugle nay'', Montaigne.^(TLFi)

+ * 1740 – The spelling ''naître''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To be [[m|en|born]]: ''elle est née à Lyon en 1990'', ''un enfant qui vient de naître''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To be born (with a quality or condition): ''naître aveugle'', ''être né pour'', to be cut out for.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)

+ # To arise, spring up, come into being: ''faire naître des soupçons'', ''le jour naît''.^(TLFi)^(Le Robert)

+ # Of a river, to rise.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''Ne pas être né d'hier'', ''de la dernière pluie'': not to be born yesterday.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[naissance]]

+ * [[naissant]]

+ * [[renaître]]

+ * [[renaissance]]

+ * [[aîné]]

+ * [[puîné]]

+ * [[nouveau-né]]

+ * [[mort-né]]

+ * [[naisseur]]

+ * [[naissain]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[natal]]

+ * [[natif]]

+ * [[naïf]]

+ * [[nation]]

+ * [[nature]]

+ * [[inné]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}