gueule French · revision 17225

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=late 10th century, Passion de Clermont (gola)|origins=la gula}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ɡœl/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Louisiana): [ɡœl]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Louisiana): [ɡøl]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Louisiana): [d͡ʒœl]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''gueule''' ''f'' (plural gueules)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''gola'' (late 10th century), ''gole'' (about 1135), ''goule'' (about 1175); ''gueule'' from the 13th century, ''goule'' survives in dialects.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|goule]], [[inh|la|gula|t=gullet, throat; palate, mouth; gluttony]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary) Rey connects “gula” with Indo-European roots “*gʷel-”, “*gʷer-” “to swallow”, probably onomatopoeic; the Petit Robert relates it to [[m|la|gluttiō|t=to swallow]] and [[de|Kehle|t=throat]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) It is a doublet of [[goulet]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|gola]], [[ca|gola]], [[es|gola]] and [[ro|gură|t=mouth]].^(REW 1935)^(Petit Robert 2007) Bloch and Wartburg explain the heraldic [[gueules]] “red” as the same word, from strips of fur cut from an animal's throat, and not, as long believed, from [[fa|گل|tr=gul|t=rose]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In the ''Passion de Clermont'' (late 10th century) ''gola'' is the throat, the gullet; about 1135 ''os de la gole'' is the cervical vertebrae.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the ''Roman de Renart'' (1174–77) it is the mouth as the organ of shouting, ''s'escrie a plaine goule'', and in Chrétien de Troyes (1176–81) an animal's mouth.^(TLFi) In the 13th century it meant gluttony, whence ''fine gueule'' “gourmet” (1847).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Chrétien also uses it for a gaping opening (1176), as in ''la gueule d'un canon''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) About 1600 it came to mean the face, always familiar: ''la gueule enfarinée'', ''une sale gueule'' (1888–1903), ''gueule cassée'' “disfigured veteran”, ''gueules noires'' “coal miners” (1894).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF) Phrases include ''fort en gueule'' (1656), ''tais ta gueule'' (1747), ''casser la gueule à quelqu'un'' (1764), ''coup de gueule'' (1891), ''gueule de bois'' “hangover” (1902) and ''avoir de la gueule'' “to look great” (early 20th century).^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 10th century – ''Gola'' “throat”, ''Passion de Clermont''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1174–77 – The mouth that shouts, ''Roman de Renart''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1176–81 – An animal's mouth, Chrétien de Troyes.^(TLFi)

+ * 13th century – “Gluttony”.^(TLFi)

+ * Late 16th–early 17th century – “Face”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1648 – ''Gueuler''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1764 – ''Casser la gueule''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1902 – ''Gueule de bois''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The mouth of an animal, especially a carnivore: ''la gueule du loup'', ''se jeter dans la gueule du loup''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(familiar)'' The [[m|en|mouth]]: ''ta gueule!'', shut up!, ''une grande gueule'', a loudmouth, ''coup de gueule'', an outburst.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(familiar)'' The face, [[m|en|mug]]: ''une sale gueule'', ''faire la gueule'', to sulk, ''casser la gueule à quelqu'un''.^(Wiktionary)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(familiar)'' Appearance, look: ''avoir de la gueule'', to look great.^(Larousse)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(familiar)'' Food, eating: ''une fine gueule'', a gourmet.^(Larousse)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # An opening: ''la gueule d'un four, d'un canon''.^(Larousse)^(TLFi)

+ # ''Gueule de bois'': a hangover.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[gueuler]]

+ * [[gueulard]]

+ * [[gueuleton]]

+ * [[engueuler]]

+ * [[engueulade]]

+ * [[dégueuler]]

+ * [[dégueulasse]]

+ * [[amuse-gueule]]

+ * [[bégueule]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[goulet]]

+ * [[goulot]]

+ * [[goulu]]

+ * [[gueules]]

+ * [[glouton]]

+ * [[la|gula]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}