jurer French · revision 17216

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=842, Strasbourg Oaths (iurat)|origins=la iūs}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʒy.ʁe/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''jurer'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|jurer]], [[inh|la|iūrō|t=to swear, take an oath]], from [[m|la|iūs|t=law, right]], in its original sense of a ritual formula with the force of law.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|5, 80a) The same Latin family gave [[juge]], [[juste]], [[injure]] and [[conjurer]].^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|giurare]], [[pro|jurar]], [[es|jurar]], [[pt|jurar]] and [[ro|jura]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Strasbourg Oaths (842) have ''sagrament que son fradre Karlo iurat'' “the oath that he swears to his brother Charles”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the ''Chanson de Roland'' it means to promise by oath, to take God as witness, to promise in marriage and to vow firmly: ''Guenes li fels ad nostre mort juree'' “the traitor Ganelon has sworn our death”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Invoking sacred names profanely, cursing, is found in Wace (1160–74), whence [[juron]] (1599).^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Losing the idea of an oath, it came to mean to affirm strongly (''Pathelin'', 1461–69): ''je n'en jurerais pas'' and ''il ne faut jurer de rien'' (1656), ''ne jurer que par'' (1668), ''jurer ses grands dieux'' (1690–1713).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) From the violence of oaths came the sense “to clash”, first of discordant sounds (Boileau, 1665) and then of colours (1688).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 842 – ''Iurat'', Strasbourg Oaths.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1100 – “To promise by oath”, ''Chanson de Roland''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1160–74 – “To curse”, Wace.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1200 – ''Juré''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1461–69 – “To affirm strongly”, ''Pathelin''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1599 – ''Juron''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1665 – “To clash”, of sounds, Boileau.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|swear]], promise solemnly: ''jurer fidélité'', ''jurer de dire la vérité''.^(Le Robert)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To swear, assert: ''je vous jure que c'est vrai'', ''il ne faut jurer de rien''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To swear, [[m|en|curse]]: ''jurer comme un charretier''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|clash]]: ''ces couleurs jurent ensemble''.^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''Ne jurer que par'': to swear by.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''Jurer ses grands dieux'': to swear blind.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[juré]]

+ * [[juron]]

+ * [[jureur]]

+ * [[jurement]]

+ * [[jurande]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[jury]]

+ * [[abjurer]]

+ * [[adjurer]]

+ * [[conjurer]]

+ * [[parjure]]

+ * [[la|iūrō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}