joie French · revision 17213

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1050, Vie de saint Alexis (goie)|origins=la gaudium}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʒwa/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''joie''' ''f'' (plural joies)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''goie'' (about 1050), ''joie'' (1080); the Académie wrote ''joye'' in 1694 and 1718, ''joie'' from 1740.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|gaudium|alt=gaudia|t=joys]], the plural of the neuter “gaudium” “contentment, pleasure, joy”, which was common in familiar Latin and in late times was taken as a feminine singular.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|4, 80b) “Gaudium” is derived from [[m|la|gaudeō|t=to rejoice]], whence [[jouir]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007) South of a line from the Loire to the Vosges the Gallo-Romance forms, and the Italian and Hispanic ones, continue the masculine “gaudium” instead, Old French also had a masculine “joi”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Compare [[oc|joia]], [[ca|goig]] and [[es|gozo]], from “gaudium”.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873) [[it|gioia]] was borrowed from French, as was [[en|joy]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In the ''Vie de saint Alexis'' (about 1050) ''goie'' is a feeling of intense happiness; the ''Chanson de Roland'' (about 1100) uses it for the outward signs of that feeling and for its cause: ''Il l'abat mort, paien en ont grant joie''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Early on it also named the joys of heaven (''les goies del ciel'', early 12th century).^(TLFi) Its Latin sense of amorous pleasure, a caress (Chrétien de Troyes) and ''joie d'amour'' (1188), has disappeared except in ''fille de joie'' (1389, ''femme de joie'' in the 13th century).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Until the 16th century it could also mean a jewel, by association with [[joyau]], a sense kept in [[es|joya]], borrowed from French.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Public rejoicing survives only in dialects and in ''feu de joie'' (1549).^(DHLF 1992) Phrases include ''mettre en joie'' (1549), ''fausse joie'' and ''s'en donner à cœur joie'' (1680).^(DHLF 1992) Ironic ''joies'' “troubles” go back to the ''Quinze Joyes de mariage'' (15th century), and the spoken ''c'est pas la joie'' “it's no fun” is now common.^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992) The greeting ''comment va la joie ?'' is found from 1695.^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1050 – ''Goie'', in the ''Vie de saint Alexis''.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1100 – ''Joie'' in the ''Chanson de Roland''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1170 – Amorous pleasure, in Marie de France.^(TLFi)

+ * 1225–30 – A source of joy, Guillaume de Lorris.^(TLFi)

+ * 1389 – ''Filles de joye''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1549 – ''Feu de joie'' and ''mettre en joie''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1680 – ''S'en donner à cœur joie''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1695 – ''Comment va la joie ?''.^(BHVF)

+ * 1740 – The Académie spells it ''joie''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|joy]]; a deep, intense feeling of happiness: ''pleurer de joie'', ''être fou de joie'', ''la joie de vivre''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)^(Larousse)

+ # Something that gives joy: ''c'est une joie de les voir'', ''faire la joie de quelqu'un''.^(Larousse)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # In polite formulas, pleasure: ''j'accepte avec joie'', ''se faire une joie de''.^(Larousse)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(ironic)'' ''Les joies de'': the troubles of, ''c'est pas la joie'', it is no fun.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(dated)'' Rejoicing: ''feu de joie'', a [[m|en|bonfire]], ''fille de joie'', a prostitute.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[joyeux]]

+ * [[joyeusement]]

+ * [[joyeuseté]]

+ * [[rabat-joie]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[jouir]]

+ * [[réjouir]]

+ * [[gaudriole]]

+ * [[la|gaudium]]

+ * [[en|joy]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}