cuisine French · revision 17209

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=1155, Wace, Brut|origins=la coquō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /kɥi.zin/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cuisine''' ''f'' (plural cuisines)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la-lat|cocīna]], an altered form of [[m|la|coquīna|t=kitchen; cookery]], derived from [[m|la|coquus|t=cook]] and [[m|la|coquō|t=to cook]], whence [[cuire]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(GLLF 1989)^(FEW|2, 1167b) Rey finds the link with “coquīnus” (see [[coquin]]) still obscure.^(DHLF 1992) Old French also had the forms “quisine”, “quesine” and “cosine”.^(Littré 1873)^(AND)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|cucina]], [[pro|cozina]], [[ca|cuina]], [[es|cocina]] and [[pt|cozinha]].^(REW 1935)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873) The Latin word was also borrowed into Germanic and Celtic, as [[de|Küche]] and [[cy|cegin]]; [[en|kitchen]] is a cognate.^(REW 1935)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In Wace's ''Brut'' (1155) ''cuisine'' is the preparation of food and the art of cooking; the kitchen as a room is in Chrétien de Troyes' ''Erec et Enide'' (about 1170).^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ About 1170 it also meant cooked dishes, and in 1740 the Académie records it for the kitchen staff.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) From the 12th century it named kitchens in monasteries, castles and great houses, and later in private homes; the bourgeois distinction of ''cuisine'', ''office'' and ''salle à manger'' was unknown to rural and working-class homes.^(DHLF 1992) In the 18th century the art of cooking came to be distinguished from pastry and preserves.^(DHLF 1992) Voltaire used it figuratively of underhand dealings in literature and politics (before 1778).^(TLFi)

+

+ ''Latin de cuisine'' means bad Latin, and ''français de cuisine'' is found in 1806, ''haute cuisine'' is in Grimod de La Reynière (1808).^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF) Army slang made ''cuistance'' (1912) and ''cuistot'' (1894).^(DHLF 1992) English borrowed ''cuisine'' in 1786 for a style of cooking.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1155 – The art of cooking, Wace.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1170 – The kitchen, Chrétien de Troyes.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1200 – ''Quisinier'', a cook.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1740 – The kitchen staff.^(TLFi)

+ * 1786 – English borrows ''cuisine''.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1808 – ''Haute cuisine''.^(BHVF)

+ * 1894 – ''Cuistot''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1936 – ''Cuisinette''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|kitchen]]: ''manger à la cuisine'', ''cuisine équipée''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # Kitchen furniture and fittings; the kitchen staff.^(Larousse)

+ # [[m|en|cooking]], the art of preparing food: ''faire la cuisine'', ''livre de cuisine''.^(Le Robert)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # A style of cooking; the dishes prepared: ''la cuisine française'', ''la cuisine du restaurant''.^(Larousse)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(familiar, figurative)'' Scheming, underhand dealings: ''la cuisine électorale''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[cuisiner]]

+ * [[cuisinier]]

+ * [[cuisinière]]

+ * [[cuisinette]]

+ * [[cuisiniste]]

+ * [[cuistot]]

+ * [[arrière-cuisine]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cuire]]

+ * [[cuisson]]

+ * [[cuit]]

+ * [[queux]]

+ * [[la|coquīna]]

+ * [[en|kitchen]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}