garde French · revision 17197

+ {{infobox|confidence=disputed|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1050, Vie de saint Alexis (guarde)|origins=frk *warda}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ɡaʁd/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''garde''' ''m or f'' by sense (plural gardes)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''guarde'' (about 1050), ''garde'' (about 1155); Picard ''warde''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The TLFi takes it as probably [[bor|frk|*warda|t=watch, guard]] rather than a deverbal noun from [[garder]]; it compares [[goh|warta|t=watching; lookout post]], and Late Latin “warda” is found from the 7th century for watch service and garrison.^(TLFi) The Grand Robert, the GLLF and Wiktionary take it as a deverbal noun from “garder”, which goes back to [[frk|*wardōn|t=to watch, guard]]; the Petit Robert allows a Frankish “warda”.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(FEW|17, 510a)

+

+ Compare [[it|guardia]], [[pro|guarda]], [[es|guarda]] and [[pt|guarda]].^(Littré 1873)^(REW 1935) [[en|ward]] is a cognate, and [[en|guard]] was borrowed from French.^(Wiktionary)^(AND)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In the ''Vie de saint Alexis'' (about 1050) ''guarde'' is the act of keeping with care, watching or protecting; in the ''Chanson de Roland'' it is watchfulness: ''il nous i convient garde''.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The person who guards is found from the end of the 10th century.^(Grand Robert 2005) A body of soldiers on watch is recorded in 1384, and the guard of a sovereign in Robert Estienne (1539); ''monter la garde'' is in Furetière (1690).^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989) In Old French ''n'avoir garde'' meant to have no fear (Joinville).^(Littré 1873) The protecting part of a lock is a ''garde'' in the 13th century, the hilt of a sword (''gardes'') in the 15th, and the endpaper of a book in 1743.^(TLFi) In fencing the guard position appears in Molière (1671), and in boxing in 1908.^(TLFi)^(BHVF)

+

+ Masculine compounds name many keepers: the ''garde champêtre'' (1790), the ''garde forestier'' and the ''garde des Sceaux'', ''une garde'' is also short for ''garde-malade'', a nurse (18th century).^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005) The ''garde à vue'', police custody, is dated about 1960.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 10th century – A person who guards.^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * c. 1050 – ''Guarde'', the act of keeping, ''Vie de saint Alexis''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1100 – Watchfulness, ''Chanson de Roland''.^(TLFi)

+ * Mid-13th century – Part of a lock.^(TLFi)

+ * 1384 – A body of soldiers on watch.^(TLFi)

+ * Mid-15th century – The hilt of a sword.^(TLFi)

+ * 1539 – A sovereign's guard.^(TLFi)

+ * 1671 – Guard in fencing, Molière.^(TLFi)

+ * 1790 – ''Garde champêtre''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ * c. 1960 – ''Garde à vue''.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(feminine)'' Keeping, [[m|en|custody]], care: ''la garde des enfants'', ''mettre sous bonne garde'', ''chien de garde'', ''de garde'', on duty: ''médecin de garde''.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Le Robert)

+ # ''(feminine)'' Watch, [[m|en|guard]] duty: ''monter la garde'', ''garde à vue'', police custody.^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(feminine)'' A body of soldiers, a guard: ''la garde républicaine'', ''la vieille garde''.^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(feminine)'' ''Prendre garde'', to beware, ''mettre en garde'', to warn, ''être sur ses gardes''.^(Wiktionary)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(feminine)'' A guard position in fencing or boxing: ''baisser la garde''.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(feminine)'' The hilt of a sword, ''page de garde'', an endpaper.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(masculine)'' A guard, keeper, warden: ''garde forestier'', ''garde champêtre'', ''garde du corps'', ''garde des Sceaux''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # ''(feminine)'' A nurse who looks after the sick.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[avant-garde]]

+ * [[arrière-garde]]

+ * [[sauvegarde]]

+ * [[garde-chasse]]

+ * [[garde-malade]]

+ * [[corps de garde]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[garder]]

+ * [[gardien]]

+ * [[regarder]]

+ * [[frk|*wardōn]]

+ * [[en|ward]]

+ * [[en|guard]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}