camp French · revision 17192

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1450, Mystère du Viel Testament (lit de can)|origins=la campus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /kɑ̃/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''camp''' ''m'' (plural camps)^(Wiktionary)

+ ''Can'' (about 1450), then ''camp'' (end of the 15th century).^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is probably the Norman-Picard form of [[champ]], [[bor|pcd|camp]], or the [[oc|camp]], taken in its military sense; the TLFi and Rey think this more likely than a borrowing from [[it|campo]], a military term in the 13th century.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Both forms continue [[la|campus|t=field, plain]].^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(FEW|2, 156a) “Champ” and [[campus]] are doublets.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It first appears about 1450 in ''lit de can'', a folding bed used in military camps; at the end of the 15th century Commynes has ''lit de camp'' and ''tenir ung camp'', the ground on which an army settles or entrenches.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(BHVF)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ By metonymy it named the army in its camp (1543).^(TLFi) ''Camp volant'', a temporary camp (1548), came to mean an unsettled life (1833); ''lever le camp'' is recorded in 1671, and ''foutre le camp'' “to clear off” is in Stendhal (1836), with ''tout fout le camp'' from 1870.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) ''Aide de camp'' is in Furetière (1690), and the ''camp d'aviation'' in 1921.^(TLFi)

+

+ ''Camp de concentration'', used in France from 1916, is a calque of English ''concentration camp'' from the Boer War; since 1945 it has above all named the Nazi camps.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) By analogy it means a side in politics (1813), in games and sports (1875) and in debates (''changer de camp'', 1904).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Without military sense it names a camping ground or a youth or holiday camp; in Canada a ''camp'' is a wooden cabin.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1450 – ''Lit de can''.^(TLFi)

+ * Late 15th century – A military camp, Commynes.^(TLFi)

+ * 1548 – ''Camp volant''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1671 – ''Lever le camp''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1690 – ''Aide de camp'', Furetière.^(TLFi)

+ * 1813 – A side in a dispute.^(TLFi)

+ * 1836 – ''Foutre le camp'', Stendhal.^(TLFi)

+ * 1916 – ''Camp de concentration'' in France.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|camp]], ground where troops are stationed: ''camp militaire'', ''camp retranché'', ''aide de camp''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # A place where people are held: ''camp de concentration'', ''camp de réfugiés'', ''camp de travail''.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # A camp for holidays or camping: ''camp de vacances'', ''feu de camp''.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # A side, a party: ''le camp adverse'', ''changer de camp''.^(Wiktionary)^(TLFi)

+ # ''Lever le camp'', ''(familiar)'' ''ficher le camp'', ''(vulgar)'' ''foutre le camp'': to clear off.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(Canada)'' A small wooden cabin.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[camper]]

+ * [[campement]]

+ * [[décamper]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[campagne]]

+ * [[camping]]

+ * [[champ]]

+ * [[campus]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A separate adjective ''camp'' (pronounced /kɑ̃p/), borrowed from English, means deliberately affected or kitsch.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}