tranquille French · revision 17189

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1460, Georges Chastellain|origins=la tranquillus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /tʁɑ̃.kil/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tranquille''' (plural tranquilles)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|tranquillus|t=calm, peaceful, serene]], used first of the sea and then of people, as opposed to “īrātus” “angry”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|13/2, 197a) Rey thinks its first value may have been transparency, leading to serenity; the word is of obscure origin and has been compared with [[m|la|quiēs|t=rest]] (see [[quiet]]).^(DHLF 1992) The Anglo-Norman “tranquille” is recorded much earlier, in 1136–65.^(AND)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Georges Chastellain's ''Chronique'' (about 1460–70) has ''que ta mort te rende patience tranquille'' “peaceful, serene”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Montaigne wrote of a ''vie solitaire, tranquille et philosophique'' (1580), and Palissy of still water.^(TLFi) From the 17th century it described a person or animal that keeps quiet and does not disturb others (1667), and one who feels secure: Mme de Sévigné's ''soyez tranquille sur ma santé'' (1680).^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) ''Laisser quelqu'un tranquille'' is in Rousseau (about 1770), and ''tranquille comme Baptiste'' (1808) alludes to a comic type of placid simpleton.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) The ''baume tranquille'' (1684) was a soothing decoction.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) In familiar French it is used as an adverb, also ''tranquille pépère'', and the slang ''tranquillos'' appears in the 1970s.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1136–65 – Anglo-Norman ''tranquille''.^(AND)

+ * c. 1190 – ''Tranquillité''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1420 – ''Tranquilliser''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1460 – Georges Chastellain.^(TLFi)

+ * 1541 – ''Tranquillement''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1680 – ''Soyez tranquille'', Mme de Sévigné.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1770 – ''Laisser tranquille'', Rousseau.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1808 – ''Tranquille comme Baptiste''.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Calm, quiet, still: ''une mer tranquille'', ''un quartier tranquille''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # Peaceful, untroubled: ''une vie tranquille'', ''avoir la conscience tranquille''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # Of a person, quiet, well-behaved: ''un enfant tranquille'', ''se tenir tranquille'', ''laisser quelqu'un tranquille'', to leave someone alone.^(Littré 1873)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # Free from worry: ''soyez tranquille'', don't worry.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # ''(familiar)'' Quietly, easily, without fuss: ''il a gagné tranquille''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[tranquillement]]

+ * [[tranquilliser]]

+ * [[tranquillisant]]

+ * [[tranquillos]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tranquillité]]

+ * [[la|tranquillus]]

+ * [[en|tranquil]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}