sol French · revision 17187

+ {{homograph|1|ground}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1538, Robert Estienne (soul, 15th century)|origins=la solum}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /sɔl/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sol''' ''m'' (plural sols)^(Wiktionary)

+ Earlier ''suel'' (14th century) and ''soul'' (15th century).^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The noun “ground” is [[bor|la|solum|t=bottom, base; floor; surface of the earth; land, country]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|12, 75b)^(Wiktionary) It appears in 1538 after the forms “suel” (14th century) and “soul” (15th century, in Upper Brittany), whereas the word is found earlier in [[pro|sol]] (12th century).^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) Rey relates “solum” to an Indo-European root naming a human settlement, seen in [[ru|село|tr=seló|t=village]] and [[lng|sala|t=house]].^(DHLF 1992) Bloch and Wartburg refer it to the same Latin family as [[seuil]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ Compare [[it|suolo]], [[ca|sol]] and [[es|suelo]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Breton form ''soul'' of the 15th century is the surface of the earth on which one stands and walks, ''sol'' itself is in Robert Estienne's dictionary of 1538.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From one of the Latin senses came “ground floor” (16th century), now obsolete: Littré quotes a customary law of the time, ''à quiconque appartient le sol, c'est à dire l'estage du rez de chaussée, appartient le dessus et dessouz du sol''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)^(TLFi) From 1606 ''sol'' was land considered as property, and, from 1793 (''le sol français'', ''le sol natal'') a country.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) Land as regards its nature and fertility is recorded by Cotgrave in 1611 and Furetière in 1690 (''sol pierreux'', ''sol sablonneux'').^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) The man-made surface for walking and living, a floor, is in Blondel's architecture treatise (1752–54).^(TLFi)

+

+ Military language made the adjectives ''sol-sol'' and ''sol-air'' (1954) for missiles fired from the ground.^(DHLF 1992) The compound [[sous-sol]] (1835) first meant the layer under the topsoil, then (before 1860) a basement.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 15th century – ''Soul'' in an Upper Breton text.^(TLFi)

+ * 1538 – ''Sol'' in Robert Estienne.^(TLFi)

+ * 1606 – Land considered as property, Nicot.^(TLFi)

+ * 1690 – Soil as regards its quality, Furetière.^(TLFi)

+ * 1752–54 – A floor, in Blondel's architecture treatise.^(TLFi)

+ * 1793 – ''Le sol français'', a country.^(TLFi)

+ * 1835 – ''Sous-sol''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1954 – ''Sol-air'', ''sol-sol''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|ground]], the surface of the earth on which one stands: ''s'asseoir à même le sol'', ''être cloué au sol''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Larousse)

+ # A [[m|en|floor]], a man-made surface: ''le sol de la cuisine''.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|soil]], land as regards its nature or fertility: ''un sol calcaire'', ''un sol fertile''.^(Larousse)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # Land as territory or property; one's country: ''le sol natal''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''(military)'' In ''sol-air'', ''sol-sol'': fired from the ground.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(heraldry)'' The field of a shield.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[sous-sol]]

+ * [[hors-sol]]

+

+ {{homograph|2|musical note}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=coinage|attested=c. 1223, Gautier de Coinci|origins=la solvō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /sɔl/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sol''' ''m'' (invariable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The musical note is [[der|la|solvō|alt=solve|t=loosen!]], the imperative of the verb “to loosen, release”: Guido of Arezzo (995–1050) took its first syllable, which begins the third line of the Latin hymn to Saint John the Baptist, as he took the other note names from the same hymn (see [[ré]]).^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|12, 82b)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found about 1223 in Gautier de Coinci's ''Miracles de Nostre Dame''.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The ''clef de sol'', the treble clef, is recorded by Furetière in 1690; the Académie has had the word since 1718.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(music)'' G, the fifth note of the scale of C: ''sol dièse'', ''sol bémol'', ''clé de sol'', the [[m|en|treble clef]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # The key of G: ''concerto en sol majeur''.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[seuil]]

+ * [[la|solum]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Sol'' is also an old form of [[sou]], the coin (12th century, ''Lois de Guillaume''), still used at times in the classical period, and the name of the currency of Peru (1933), from [[es|sol|t=sun]].^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary) In chemistry a ''sol'' is a colloidal solution, a shortening of [[solution]].^(Larousse)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}