vin French · revision 17186

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=late 10th century, Passion de Clermont|origins=la vīnum}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /vɛ̃/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vin''' ''m'' (plural vins)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|vīnum|t=wine; grape; drink made from other fruits]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|14, 478a)^(Wiktionary) The Latin word is related to [[grc|οἶνος|tr=oînos]] and to Semitic forms in “*wayn-” such as [[hbo|יַיִן|tr=yayin]]; whether it is Indo-European or Semitic in origin cannot be settled.^(DHLF 1992) Bloch and Wartburg call it a Mediterranean word, and the Petit Robert a non-Indo-European word, probably from the Near East.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007) Wiktionary instead traces it to [[ine-pro|*wóyh₁nom]].^(Wiktionary) The Latin word passed into Celtic and Germanic, as in [[de|Wein]] and [[en|wine]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|vino]], [[es|vino]], [[pt|vinho]], [[ca|vi]], [[oc|vin]] and [[ro|vin]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found at the end of the 10th century in the ''Passion'' of Clermont, meaning the fermented drink made from grapes.^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005) The ''Chanson de Roland'' has ''lavez de piment e de vin'' “washed with spiced wine and with wine”.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ About 1210 it also meant a tip, a sense still alive in the 17th century and later lost; from 1389 it named a medicine made with wine.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) Drink made from other fruit was ''vin de pommes'' (1317) or ''vin de palme'' (1690).^(TLFi) From the 14th to the 17th century the effects of drink were named after animals: ''vin de singe'' (1373) made one merry, ''vin de lion'' quarrelsome and ''vin de pourceau'' sleepy.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Villon (1462) uses ''vin'' as the symbol of drunkenness, and phrases about drinking followed: ''être entre deux vins'' (1623), ''avoir le vin mauvais'' (1718).^(TLFi) ''Mettre de l'eau dans son vin'' meant first curbing one's aggressive ambitions (1443) and then calming one's anger (1464–70).^(TLFi) Kinds of wine were named from the 14th century (''vin doux'', ''vins nouveaux'', ''vin pétillant'' 1660); later ''vin blanc'', ''vin rouge'' gave the nouns ''un blanc'', ''un rouge'', and ''du bourgogne'', ''du champagne'' replaced ''vin de Bourgogne''.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) ''Vin d'honneur'' and ''vin de messe'' are in Duez (1659).^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * late 10th century – First found, in the ''Passion'' of Clermont.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1210 – A tip.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1389 – A medicinal wine.^(TLFi)

+ * 1443 – ''Mettre de l'eaue en son vin''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1462 – A symbol of drunkenness, Villon.^(TLFi)

+ * 1623 – ''Être entre deux vins''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1659 – ''Vin d'honneur'', ''vin de messe''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1697 – ''Le vin est tiré, il le faut boire'', Regnard.^(TLFi)

+ * 1798 – ''Vin de pays''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|wine]], the drink made by fermenting grape juice: ''vin rouge'', ''vin blanc'', ''vin rosé'', ''vin de table''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A fermented drink made from another fruit or plant: ''vin de palme''.^(TLFi)

+ # ''Vin d'honneur'': a [[m|en|reception]] at which wine is served in someone's honour.^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi)

+ # Drink, drunkenness: ''être entre deux vins'', to be tipsy, ''cuver son vin'', ''avoir le vin gai, triste''.^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi)

+ # ''(pharmacy)'' A medicine with wine as its base.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[vinasse]]

+ * [[vinée]]

+ * [[viner]]

+ * [[vinique]]

+ * [[aviné]]

+ * [[vinaigre]]

+ * [[épine-vinette]]

+ * [[pot-de-vin]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vigne]]

+ * [[vineux]]

+ * [[la|vīnum]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Mettre de l'eau dans son vin'' “to moderate one's demands” and ''quand le vin est tiré, il faut le boire'' “once committed, one must go on” (Regnard 1697, Daudet 1869) are the commonest phrases.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989) The Petit Robert lists ''pot-de-vin'', ''taste-vin'' and ''pèse-vin'' among the compounds.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}