pardonner French · revision 17156

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=late 10th century, Passion de Clermont (perdoner)|origins=la dōnō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /paʁ.dɔ.ne/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pardonner'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French ''perdoner'' (about 980), ''pardoner'' (about 1050); ''pardonner'' at the end of the 12th century.^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|pardoner]], [[inh|la-lat|perdōnō|t=to grant, concede (life, a favour)]], recorded only once, in the “Aesop” of Romulus (between 350 and 500).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|8, 229b)^(Wiktionary) The Late Latin verb is formed from the intensive [[m|la|per-]] and [[m|la|dōnō|t=to give; to remit, forgive]] (see [[donner]]).^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) The Grand Robert and the Petit Robert instead form it in French from [[par-]] and “donner”, after Late Latin.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Petit Robert 2007) Littré explains it as “to give completely, remit”.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|perdonare]], [[pro|perdonar]], [[ca|perdonar]], [[es|perdonar]] and [[pt|perdoar]].^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In the ''Passion'' of Clermont (end of the 10th century) ''perdoner vida a'' is to spare the life of someone condemned, and ''tu nos perdone celz pecaz'' “forgive us these sins” already has the Christian sense.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the ''Chanson de Roland'' it means to treat an offence as if it had not been committed: ''Ferut vos ai, car le me pardunez'' “I have struck you, so forgive me”.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873) In the second half of the 16th century it entered the polite ''pardonnez-moi'', and the Académie (1694) records ''vous êtes tout pardonné''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) “To spare” (1573) survives only in the familiar ''ça ne pardonne pas''.^(DHLF 1992) In the 17th century weakened senses developed: to excuse with indulgence (1616–20) and to see without resentment (Racine, 1693).^(TLFi) ''Se pardonner'' meant “to spare oneself” in 1520 and took its modern passive and reciprocal values in the 17th century (La Fontaine, 1668).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The noun [[pardon]] dates from 1130–40.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * late 10th century – ''Perdoner vida'', ''Passion''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1100 – To forgive an offence, ''Chanson de Roland''.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1120 – ''Pardonnable''.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1130–40 – ''Pardon''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * mid-16th century – ''Pardonnez-moi''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1573 – “To spare”.^(TLFi)

+ * 1616–20 – “To excuse”, d'Aubigné.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|forgive]], [[m|en|pardon]]: ''pardonner une offense à qqn'', ''pardonner à qqn''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To excuse, overlook: ''pardonnez-moi'', ''pardonnez mon retard''.^(GLLF 1989)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''Ça ne pardonne pas'': it is always fatal, it never fails.^(DHLF 1992)

+ # ''Se pardonner'': to forgive oneself; to forgive each other.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[pardon]]

+ * [[pardonnable]]

+ * [[impardonnable]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[donner]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The proverb ''faute avouée est à moitié pardonnée'' means “a fault confessed is half forgiven”.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}