retirer French · revision 17136

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1160–74, Wace}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /ʁə.ti.ʁe/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''retirer'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|fr|re-|tirer|t2=to pull]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary) Rey notes that its frequency and many senses have partly obscured the link with “tirer”.^(DHLF 1992) Littré points out that the prefix means “again” in some uses and “back” in others.^(Littré 1873) The origin of “tirer” itself is uncertain: Bloch and Wartburg think it was probably detached from Old French “martirier” “to torture”.^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|6/1, 403a)

+

+ Compare [[pro|retirar]], [[es|retirar]] and [[it|ritirare]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In the 12th century (Wace's ''Roman de Rou'', 1160–74, ''Aliscans'') it meant to shorten the reins of a horse, a sense later taken by ''tirer''; the TLF-Étym sees no continuity between these medieval uses and the modern verb.^(TLFi)^(TLF-Étym)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The TLF-Étym dates the modern senses from the late Middle Ages: “to take out” about 1393 (the ''Ménagier de Paris''), “to draw back towards oneself” after 1450, “to retract” about 1450, and “to take back something deposited” in 1532.^(TLF-Étym) Commynes (about 1500) has it for revoking an act, Molière (1664) for going back on one's word, and a play is withdrawn from the stage before 1771.^(TLF-Étym) ''Retirer son épingle du jeu'', to get out of a tricky situation, is from 1584.^(TLF-Étym) ''Retirer qqn du tombeau'' “to bring back to life” is in d'Urfé (1610).^(TLF-Étym) The 16th century also had “to resemble” (''retirer à'', 1538), now obsolete except in Berry, where George Sand found ''retirance''.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1160–74 – To shorten the reins, Wace.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1393 – To take out, ''Ménagier de Paris''.^(TLF-Étym)

+ * c. 1500 – To revoke, Commynes.^(TLF-Étym)

+ * 1532 – To take back a deposit.^(TLF-Étym)

+ * 1584 – ''Retirer son épingle du jeu''.^(TLF-Étym)

+ * 1664 – ''Retirer sa parole'', Molière.^(TLF-Étym)

+ * before 1771 – To withdraw a play.^(TLF-Étym)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To take off, remove: ''retirer son manteau'', ''retirer ses lunettes''.^(Wiktionary)^(TLF-Étym)

+ # To take out, pull out: ''retirer la clé de la serrure'', ''retirer qqn de l'eau''.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|withdraw]] (money); to collect: ''retirer de l'argent'', ''retirer un colis''.^(Wiktionary)^(TLF-Étym)

+ # To take back, take away: ''retirer sa confiance à qqn'', ''retirer sa candidature'', ''retirer ce qu'on a dit''.^(TLF-Étym)

+ # To withdraw from sale or the stage: ''retirer un produit''.^(TLF-Étym)

+ # To draw (a benefit): ''retirer un avantage de''.^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ # ''Se retirer'': to withdraw, leave; to [[m|en|retire]]; of the sea, to recede.^(Wiktionary)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ # ''Retirer son épingle du jeu'': to get out while one can.^(TLF-Étym)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tirer]]

+ * [[attirer]]

+ * [[étirer]]

+ * [[soutirer]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}